Aztreonam
-Cell wall inhibition
-Resistant to beta lactamases
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-IV for gram negative rods
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-No cross allergenicity with pens or cephs
| Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis Vancomycin |
-Bactericidal drug acts at an early stage in cell wall synthesis.
-Hinders transglycosylation reactions involved in elongation of peptidoglycan chains
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-Gram positive cocci
-Enterococci
-C. difficile
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-Vanc plus rifampin is active against pnumococcal infections resistant to the penicillins
-Red man syndrome from too quick of an infusion of vancomycin, nephrotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reactions
-Ototoxicity, hypotension, and diffuse hyperemia
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Inhibitors of protein synthesis
-Reminder: 30 and 50s subunit of ribosomes
-Step 1 is the translocation of the tRNA
-A site moves over to P site
-New tRNA comes over to a site
-Peptide bond transferred
-In other words, you’ve got the formation of the initiation complex, incorporation of amino acid, formation of the peptide bond, and translocation.
-Antibacterial drugs can disrupt processes ant any place along this chain
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Inhibitors of protein synth
-CHPC
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-Bacteriostatic, wide sprectrm of activity
-Inhibits peptidyltransferase
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-S. typhii
-B. fragilis
-Rickettsia
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-Gray baby syndrome
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Inhibitors of protein synth
-Quinipristin
-Dalfopristin
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-Inhibits binding sites on 50S ribosome
-Prevent interaction of tRNA with acceptor site
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-VRE
-VRSA
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-Unknown
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Inhibition of protein synth
-Linezolid
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-Blocks protein synth
-Inhibits nformylmethionyltrnarobosomemRNA ternary complex
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-VRSA
-VRE
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-Headache, GI distress
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Inhibitors of folic acid synth
-Sulfonamides
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-Competes with PABA causing inhibition of dihydropteroate sunthase and formation of non functional folic acid
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-Wide spectrum
-Nocardia DOC
-burns
-Toxoplasmosis
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-Hypersensitivity (SJ syndrome
-GI distress
-Hemolysis with G6PDH
-Avoid in third trimester
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Inhibitors of folic acid synth
-TMP
(Co trimoxazole)
(TMP/SMX)
(Trimethoprim sulfa)
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-Inhibitor of DHFR
-Synergy with sulfonamides due to synergistic / sequential blockade of folate synthesis
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-complicated UTI
-DOC for PCP pneumonia
-H flu
-M. catarrhalis
-L. monocytogenes (backup)
-Proteus mirabilis
-S. typhi
-MRSA
-Vibrio
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-Crystalluria
-Drug interactions
-Anemia
-Leukopenia
-Thrombocytopenia
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Inhibitors of folic acid synth
-Pyrimethamine
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-Inhibits DHFR
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-Toxoplasmosis
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-ANYTHING that disrupts the synthesis of folic acid can cause problems with anemia / DNA
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Inhibitors of DNA synthesis
-Fluoroquinolones
-Ciprofloxacin
-Norfloxacin (limited)
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-Bactericidal analogues of nalidixic acid that interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis.
-Inhibit topioisomerase II (DNA gyrase) thus blocking the relaxation of supercoild DNA required for replication
-Blocks topioisomerase IV responsible for separation of replicated DNA during cell division
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-Wide spectrum
-Gram positive
cocci
-E. coli
-P. aeruginosa
-S. typhi
-Shigella
-Serratia
-C. jejuni
-Some mycobacteria
-alternative tx for gonorrhoea
-Norfloxacin great for UTI
-Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin alternative for n. gonorrhoea
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-Eliminated by kidney
-GI distress
-Increased QTR interval with sparfloxacin and hepatoxoicity with trovafloxacin
-Watch out for antacids can inhibit absorption
-May cause tendonitis and tendon rupture / cartilage problems. Contraindicated in children
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