Biochemistry



Download 1.15 Mb.
Page15/21
Date02.05.2018
Size1.15 Mb.
#47247
1   ...   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   ...   21

Francisella


-Gram negative rod

-Facultative intracellular pathogen

-Serodiagnosis because culture is hazardous

-Reservoir is many species of wild animals, especially rabbits, deer, and rodents

TRANSMISSION:
-Via tick bite ulceroglandular disease


-Traumatic implantation while skinning rodents

-Aerosols

-Ingestion of undercooked infected wild animals

TULARERMIA:
-Endemic in every US state


-Arkansas and mIssouri highest

-Ulceroglandular disease from tick bite: fever, ulcer, regional lymph node enlargement and suppuration

TREATMENT:
-Streptomycin


PREVENTION:
-Don’t get bitten by a freaking tick.


-Don’t eat rabbit raw

-Vaccine is available (live/attenuated)

Brucella


-Gram negative rod

-Zoonotic

-Facultative and intracellular

-Serological confirmation more common (less dangerous than culture)
TRANSMISSION:
-Dailry products that are unpasteruized


-Direct contact with infected animal

-Reservoir is infected livestock

PATHOGENESIS:
-Endotoxin


-Localizes in RES cells and cause septicemia


BRUCELLOSIS:

-Can come from cattle (abortus), pigs (B. suis), or goats (B. mellitensis)

-Influenza like symptoms including arthralgia, myalgia, back pain

-Sweating, hepatomegaly

UNDULANT FORM OF BRUCELLOSIS:
-Milder, often results from incomplete treatment


CHRONIC FORM OF BRUCELLOSIS:

-Usually in older people and veterinarians

-Cyclic bouts of depression and sweating

-Fever

-Ocular complications in 5-10%

PREVENTION:

-Vaccinate cattle and humans at high risk

-Pasteurize milk, especially goat milk

Camoylobacter


-Gram negative rod with polar flagella

-Microaerophillic

-Motile, curved, gram negative rods

-Look like gulls-wings

-Reservoir is the intestinal tracts of human, cattle, sheep, pirgs, dogs, cats, poultry

TRANSMISSION:
-Fecal oral primarily from poultry


PATHOGENESIS:
-Low infectious dose as few as 500


-Invades mucosa of colon, destroying mucosal surfaces

-Rarely will penetrate to cause septicemia

DISEASE:
-Common cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide


-Camplylobacter enteritis > Salmonella + Shigella in US

-Ten to more stools/day, may be frankly bloody

-Abdominal pain, fever, malaise, nausea, and vomiting

-Generally self limiting in 3-5 days

-Complications include Guillia Barre Syndrome

-Reactive arthritis

TREAMTMENT:
-Emycin, f-quinolones, PCN resistant

Helicobacter


-Gram negative spiral gastric bacillus with flagella

-Microaerophillic

-Humans as reservoir

-Fecal oral spread in addition to oral-oral

PATHOGENESIS:
-Motile, urease positive


-Mucinase

-Associated with several forms of stomach cancer

-Invasive into stomach lining

-Prominent inflammation

DIAGNOSIS:
-Via serology and urease breath test


-Biopsy with culture

DISEASE:
-Causes chronic granulomatous disease and duodenal ulcers


-Associated with several forms of stomach cancer

-Atrophic gastritis rather than duodenal ulcers correlates with increased risk

-Now classified by WHO as a class I antigen

TREATMENT:
-Myriad of regimes.


-Triple therapy is common

-Omeprazole, amoxicllin, clarithromycin

Enterobacteriaceae


Family
-Citrobacter
-Escherecia
-Enterobacter
-Klebsiella
-Shigella
-Yersinia



-Gram negative rods

-Facultative anaerobess

-Glucose fermenters

-Cytochrome C oxidase negative

-Reduces nitrates to nitrates

-Catalase positive

PATHOGENESIS:

-Endotoxin

-O= ecell envelope or O antigen

-H=flagellar antigen

-K= capsular polysaccharide antigen

-Vi=Salmonella capsular antigen

DIAGNOSIS:
-Blood, eosin-methylene blue or MacConkey agar


GENERA IN FAMILY:
-Lactose fermenters


-Citrobacter, Escherecia, Enterobacter, Klebsiemma

NON LACTOSE FERMENTERS:
-Shigella and Yersinia: Nonmotile, non H2S producing


-Proteus and Salmonella: Motile, H2s Producers

SLOW LACTORSE FERMENTER:
-Serratia


-Each genus is characterized by a wholse series of chemical tests to detect the presence of enzymes or pathways

Download 1.15 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   ...   21




The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message

    Main page