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70 “Chinese Vice-President Hu: Broadcast to Nation on NATO Strike – Domestic Report” (in Chinese), Xinhua News Agency Domestic Service, May 9, 1999, in BBC Worldwide Monitoring, May 9, 1999.

71 “Jiang Zemin Meets Chernomyrdin on NATO Bombing,” Beijing Xinhua, May 11, 1999, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0511.

72 “Jiang on Foreign, Internal Policy,” Beijing Xinhua, May 13, 1999, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0513.

73 “AFP: People’s Daily Urges People to ‘Put Aside’ Bombing,” Hong Kong AFP, May 18, 1999, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0518.

74 “Unswervingly Adhere to Taking Economic Development as the Central Task” (in Chinese), Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] (Overseas edition), May 25, 1999, p. 1.

75 “Firmly Maintain Social Stability” (in Chinese), Beijing Xinhua Domestic Service, June 1, 1999, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0601.

76 “Beijing Calls for Students to Cancel Their Plan of Demonstration,” Zhongguo Shibao [China Times], May 2, 2000.

77 “Qian Qichen Speaks at Meeting with Hong Kong, Macao, CPPCC Members” (in Chinese), Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao, March 7, 2001, in FBIS-CHI-2001-0307.

78 Philip P. Pan and John Pomfret, “U.S. Words of Regret Ease China Tension,” Washington Post, April 6, 2001, p. A1. Jeremy Page, “China Dampens Anti-U.S. Protests, Frustrates Students,” Reuters, April 6, 2001, 8:08 AM ET. “Internet Users Criticize Weakness,” Hong Kong Ming Pao (internet version), April 12, 2001, in FBIS-CHI-2001-0412.

79 A Renmin Ribao commentator, “Translate Patriotic Fervor into Strength to Make the Country Strong,” Beijing Xinhua Domestic Service, April 11, 2001, in FBIS-CHI-2001-0411.

80 Jiang Zemin, “Text of Speech by Jiang Zemin at Opening Banquet for the Fortune' Global Forum, 2001, in Hong Kong” (in Chinese), Beijing Xinhua Domestic Service, May 8, 2001, in FBIS-CHI-2001-0508.

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88 Michael D. Swaine, “Chinese Decision-Making Regarding Taiwan, 1979-2000,” in David M. Lampton (ed.), The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 311.

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90 John W. Garver, Face Off: China, the United States, and Taiwan’s Democratization (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997), p. 104.

91 Allen S. Whiting, “China’s Use of Force, 1950-96, and Taiwan,” International Security, vol. 26, no. 2 (Fall 2001), p. 123. Gary Klintworth, “Lessons Learned,” in Greg Austin (ed.), Missile Diplomacy and Taiwan’s Future: Innovations in Politics and Military Power (Canberra, Australia: Australian National University, 1997), p. 253. Robert S. Ross, “The 1995-96 Taiwan Strait Confrontation: Coercion, Credibility, and the Use of Force,” International Security, vol. 25, no. 2 (Fall 2000), p. 108. Suisheng Zhao, “Military Coercion and Peaceful Offence: Beijing’s Strategy of National Reunification with Taiwan,” Pacific Affairs, vol. 27, no. 4 (1999), p. 511. Michael D. Swaine, “Chinese Decision-Making Regarding Taiwan, 1979-2000,” in David M. Lampton (ed.), The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 326. Denny Roy, “Tensions in the Taiwan Strait,” Survival, vol. 42, no. 1, Spring 2000, p. 80. You Ji, “Changing Leadership Consensus: The Domestic Context of War Games,” in Shuisheng Zhao (ed.), Across the Taiwan Strait: Mainland China, Taiwan, and the 1995-1996 Crisis (New York: Routledge, 1999), p. 90.

92 You Ji, “Making Sense of War Games in the Taiwan Strait,” Journal of Contemporary China, no. 15 (March 1997), p. 300.

93 “PRC: Results of Taiwan Election Reported” (in Chinese), Xinhua Domestic Service, March 23, 1996, in FBIS-CHI-96-058.

94 Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Decision in Taiwan,” New York Times, March 19, 2000, p. A18.

95 Willy Wo-lap Lam, “Cadres Cautious on Force Against Taipei,” South China Morning Post, December 1, 1995, p. 12. “China Prepared to React to Election” (in Chinese), Sing Tao Jih Pao, March 18, 2000, p. A2, in BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 20, 2000, FE/D3793/F2.

96 Ze-hong Lin and Dao-cheng Li, “What Happens to Cross-Strait Relations would not affect the interests of Taiwan Businesspeople in China,” Gongshang Shibao [Commerce Times], March 20, 2000, p. 4. Henry Chu and Jim Mann, “Chen Says Preserving Peace Is Top Priority,” Los Angeles Times, March 21, 2000, p. A12. Ze-hong Lin and Dao-cheng Li, “What Happens to Cross-Strait Relations would not affect the interests of Taiwan Businesspeople in China,” Gongshang Shibao [Commerce Times], March 20, 2000, p. 4. Jing-ping He, “TIEs’ Interests Are Not Impaired So Far,” Zhongguo Shibao [China Times], March 26, 2000, p. 4.

97 Willy Wo-lap Lam, “Beijing ‘Has Timetable for Unity,” South China Morning Post, March 22, 2000, p. 1.

98 Tan Tarn How, “No Invasion Plans, Say China’s Top Generals,” Strait Times (Singapore), March 15, 1996, p. 1. Michael D. Swaine, “Chinese Decision-Making Regarding Taiwan, 1979-2000,” in David M. Lampton (ed.), The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 328.

99 An American studies senior scholar in Beijing, interview with author, July 30, 2001.

100 An American studies scholar in Beijing, interview with author, July 12, 2001.

101 An international relations senior scholar in Beijing, interview with author, July 16, 2001.

102 A Taiwan studies senior scholar in Beijing, interview with author, July 29, 2001.

103 Robert D. Putnam, “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games,” in Peter B. Evans, Harold K. Jacobson, and Robert D. Putnam, Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 431-468.