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aging is reduced by dietary restriction of protein or calories
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AgingProtein oxidation associated with aging is reduced by dietary restriction of protein or calories, L D Youngman, J Y Park, and B N Ames Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 October 1; 89(19): 9112–9116. Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720. Abstract The accumulation of unrepaired oxidative damage products may be a major factor in cellular aging. Both oxidative lesions in DNA and oxidatively damaged proteins have been shown to accumulate during aging. The accumulation of oxidized proteins in Fischer 344 rats was compared for animals consuming protein-restricted and calorically restricted diets--both of which have been shown to extend lifespan. Rats were fed diets restricted in either protein (5% or 10% of the diet as compared with the normal 20% casein), or calories (25% or 40% less than normal), or total diet (40% less than normal). In addition, some of the rats fed a diet providing 5% or 20% protein were irradiated twice weekly (125 rads per exposure; 1 rad = 0.01 Gy). The level of oxidative damage to proteins (protein carbonyls) was determined in rats sacrificed at various times. The oxidative damage to proteins increased with aging and with radiation. Either protein or calorie restriction markedly inhibited the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins. Protein restriction reduced the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins during the oxidative stress of chronic irradiation. "Likelihood of a vegetarian reaching the age of 80 compared to a non-vegetarian (after adjusting for smoking): 1.8 times greater." (Key, T.J.A., et. al., “Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarians and health conscious people: results of a 17-year follow up,” British Medical Journal 1996:313:775-79; See also Key, T., et. al., “Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies,” American Journal of clinical Nutrtion 1999; 70(sup):516S-24S; And Frentzel-Beyme, R., et. al., “Vegetarian diets and colon cancer: the German experience,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1994:59Ssup):1143S-52S) [02.07.27:07] Autoimmune Reaction, DiabetesAll insulin-dependent diabetic children studied had antibodies to a partial protein (a protein sequence or peptide chain) in dairy casein that is also found on pancreas cells, whereas a control group had no such antibody. The diabetics’ immune systems had confused the dairy protein with critical pancreas protein, and destroyed the pancreas (Karjalainen, J., et al. “A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus” New Engl. Journ. Med., 327: 302-307, 1992). Infants naturally have a “leaky gut” that lets antibodies, hormones and partial proteins into the blood, not merely amino acids in very short chains. Onset of Type I insulin-dependent diabetes in older children and adults may be initiated by a “leaky gut” during infections. A diet with high animal protein can increase the amount of harmful bacteria in the gut. These bacteria may damage the intestinal wall, so that a high animal protein diet can be another cause of a “leaky gut” and Type I insulin-dependent diabetes. Autoimmune Reaction, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosisPages 199-200, China Study: Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long Term Health by Colin Campbell, PhD Professor of Nutrition, Cornell University (www.nutritionadvocate.com) A similar auto-immune reaction to dairy protein that slips through the blood-brain barrier in some people might lead to multiple sclerosis (Journal of Immunology 172(2004):661). Cancer“Aromatase in Aging Women” by Serdar E. Bulun, M.D. Seminars Reproductive Med 17(4):349-358, 1999 Cessation of ovarian estrogen secretion is the key event during the climacteric. An enzyme termed aromatase in a number of human tissues and cells, including ovarian granulosa cells, the placental syncytiotrophoblast, adipose and skin fibroblasts, bone, and the brain, catalyzes the conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens. Aromatase expression in adipose tissue and possibly the skin primarily accounts for the extraglandular (peripheral) formation of estrogen and increases as a function of body weight and advancing age. Sufficient circulating levels of the biologically active estrogen, estradiol, can be produced as a result of extraglandular aromatization of androstenedione to estrone, which is subsequently reduced to estradiol in peripheral tissues, to cause uterine bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in obese anovulatory or postmenopausal women. Consumption of animal protein has been linked to increased risk of breast and colon cancers (World Rev. Nutr. Diet 66:3446-61 1991; Mooove over Milk by Vicki B. Griffin ISBN 1-891041-00-2). Youngman, L.D. and Campbell T.C. 1992. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1-induced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive (GGT+) hepatic preneoplastic foci and tumors by low protein diets: evidence that altered GGT+ foci indicate neoplastic potential. Carcinogenesis, 13, 1607-1613 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401. Previous studies in this laboratory with young Fischer 344 male rats have shown that the post-initiation development of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive (GGT+) hepatic foci was markedly inhibited by low protein feeding, even though the energy intake was greater. This dietary effect, however, did not necessarily apply to hepatic tumor development. Thus, the present investigation was undertaken to examine this dietary effect upon the development of hepatic tumors and, is so doing, to determine the correlation of foci development with tumor development. Following AFB1 dosing (15 daily doses of 0.3 mg/kg each), animals were fed diets containing 6, 14 or 22% casein (5.2, 12.2, 19.1% protein) for 6, 12, 40, 58 and 100 weeks. Foci at 12 weeks and tumors at 40, 58 and 100 weeks developed dose-dependently to protein intake. Foci development, tumor incidence, tumor size and the number of tumors per animal were markedly reduced while the time to tumor emergence was increased with low protein feeding. Non-hepatic tumor incidence also was lower in the animals fed the lowest protein diet. Foci development indices (foci number, per cent liver volume occupied) were highly correlated with tumor incidence at 58 and 100 weeks (r = 0.90-1.00). Tumor and foci inhibition occurred in spite of the greater energy intake. "The leading cancer in men is prostate cancer, followed by lung/bronchus and colon/rectal. The leading cancer in women is breast cancer, followed by lung/bronchus and colon/rectal.” (http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/uscs/pressrelease.htm, "United States Cancer Statistics: 1999 Incidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), in collaboration with the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR).") "The (1997) report (Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, analyzing more than 4,500 research studies) by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research concludes its analysis of vegetarian diets and cancer by stating: “Vegetarian diets decrease the risk of cancer. The report’s number one dietary recommendation - Choose predominantly plant-based diets rich in a variety of vegetables and fruits, legumes, and minimally processed starchy staple foods." (World Cancer Research Fund and American institute for Cancer Research, “Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a global persective, 1997, pg 456-57) [02.07.27:01] PROSTATE CANCER: “Diet and Survival After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis” Authors: Berkow, Susan E.; Barnard, Neal D.; Saxe, Gordon A.; Ankerberg-Nobis, Trulie Source: Nutrition Reviews, Volume 65, Number 9, September 2007 , pp. 391-403(13) Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men in the United States. Among environmental factors, diet may play a particularly important role in its incidence, progression, and clinical outcome. This article reviews the findings of eight observational studies and 17 intervention or laboratory trials on the effect of plant-based diets and plant nutrients on both the progression and clinical outcome of prostate cancer as well as additional studies examining mechanisms that may explain dietary effects. While additional long-term therapeutic clinical trials are needed to further elucidate the role of diet, these early investigations suggest that a recommendation for individual patients to shift their diets toward plant foods may serve as an important component of the tertiary treatment of prostate cancer. "... in a recent study from China, which suggests that a daily serving from the allium group of vegetables--garlic, scallions, onions, leeks, and chives--may help protect against the development of prostate cancer. The reduced risk of prostate cancer associated with allium vegetables was independent of body size, intake of other foods, and total calorie intake and was more pronounced for men with localized than with advanced prostate cancer. " (Journal National Cancer Institute: Vol. 94, No. 21, Nov '02 > Hsing et al., pp. 1648-1651) Download 0.98 Mb. Share with your friends:
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