Campus: midrand faculty: information tecnology

Contents

QUESTION 1

CODE EXPLANATION

• 
  The .data section contains string variables for prompts and results. The prompt1 and prompt2 variables prompt the user to enter the first and second integers, respectively. The result1, result2, and result3 variables store the messages indicating which integer is larger or if they are equal.
  
• 
  The .bss section reserves memory for storing the first and second integers entered by the user. They are defined as resd (reserve doubleword) with a size of 1, which typically means reserving 4 bytes each.
  
• 
  The .text section contains the main code logic.
  
• 
  The _start label marks the entry point of the program.
  
• 
  The code uses system calls to interact with the user and perform I/O operations. It utilizes the int 0x80 instruction to invoke the appropriate system calls.
  
• 
  The program prompts the user to enter the first integer, reads it from the user, prompts for the second integer, and reads it as well.
  
• 
  The code then compares the two integers using cmp and jg (jump if greater) instructions to determine which one is larger. Depending on the result, it jumps to either the first_larger or second_larger labels.
  
• 
  If the integers are equal, the program displays the corresponding message using system calls.
  
• 
  The end_program label marks the end of the program. It exits by invoking the system call to terminate the program.
  

SCENARIO 1

Figure 1 SCENARIO 1

SCENARIO 2

Figure 2 SCENARIO 2

SCENARIO 3

Figure 3 SCENARIO 3

QUESTION 2

Arduino Thermostat

INTRODUCTION

The idea is simple, use an Arduino and a few simple components along with a small LCD screen to create a functioning Thermostat.
Figure 4 ARDUINO THERMOSTAT

Step 1: Materials

Hardware
1 x breadboard.
1 x UltraSonic Sensor
1 x Arduino Uno
1 x 16x2 LCD screen
1 x 10k ohm resistors 1 x LED (colour is your choice)
1 x temperature sensor(DHT11)
1 x LED light
Many Jumper wires
1 x buzzer
Software
Arduino IDE A
LAPTOP

STEP 2 : THE CODE

#include "dht.h"
// Defines pin numbers
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int buzzerPin = 11;
const int ledPin = 13;
const int dhtPin = A0;
// Defines variables
long duration;
int distance;
bool isBuzzerActive = false;
dht DHT;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
delay(500); // Delay to let the system boot
Serial.println("DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor\n");
delay(1000); // Wait before accessing the sensor
}

void loop() {
// DHT11 Sensor Code
DHT.read11(dhtPin);
// Check temperature and humidity
if (DHT.temperature => 20 && DHT.temperature =< 25 ) {
if (!isBuzzerActive) {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
isBuzzerActive = true;
}
} else {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
isBuzzerActive = false;
}
// Ultrasonic Sensor Code
// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 microseconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH, 150000);
// Calculating the distance
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
// Check ultrasonic sensor distance to switch off the buzzer
if (isBuzzerActive && distance <= 50) { // Adjust the distance threshold as needed
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
isBuzzerActive = false;
}
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
// Prints the temperature and humidity on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Current Humidity: ");
Serial.print(DHT.humidity);
Serial.print("% Temperature: ");
Serial.print(DHT.temperature);
Serial.println("°C");
delay(1000); // Wait 1 second before accessing the sensor again
}
The above code does the following:
// This code uses an ultrasonic sensor and a DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor to monitor the environment and control a buzzer and an LED.
// The code begins by including the necessary libraries and defining the pin numbers for the sensors and actuators.
// The variables for storing duration and distance are also declared, along with a boolean variable to track the state of the buzzer.

// In the setup() function, the pin modes are set for the sensors and actuators, and the serial communication is initialized.
// A delay is added to allow the system to boot, and then a message is printed to the serial monitor.
// Another delay is added before accessing the sensors to ensure stability.

// The main logic is implemented in the loop() function.
// First, the DHT11 sensor is read and the temperature and humidity values are checked.
// If both values are greater than 25, indicating a comfortable environment, and the buzzer is not already active,
// the buzzer and LED are turned on, and the buzzer state is set to active.
// If the temperature and humidity values are not both greater than 25, the buzzer and LED are turned off, and the buzzer state is set to inactive.

// Next, the ultrasonic sensor code is executed.
// The trigPin is cleared and then set to HIGH for 10 microseconds to generate an ultrasonic pulse.
// The pulseIn() function is used to measure the duration it takes for the echo signal to return.
// The distance is calculated using the speed of sound and the measured duration.

// The code then checks if the buzzer is active and if the distance is less than or equal to 50 cm.
// If so, indicating an object is within the proximity, the buzzer and LED are turned off, and the buzzer state is set to inactive.

// The distance and sensor readings are printed to the serial monitor for debugging and monitoring purposes.

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