Carry A. Nation

Civil Rights Activist

Lucretia Mott and her husband attended the famous World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840, the one that refused to allow women to be full participants. This led to her joining Elizabeth Cady Stanton in calling the famous Seneca Falls Convention in New York in 1848 (at which, ironically, James Mott was asked to preside), and from that point on she was dedicated to women's rights and published her influential Discourse on Woman (1850).

While remaining within the Society of Friends, in practice and beliefs Mott actually identified increasingly with more liberal and progressive trends in American religious life, even helping to form the Free Religious Association in Boston in 1867.

Final Years

Mott died on November 11, 1880, in Chelton Hills (now part of Philadelphia), Pennsyvlania.

13 Things About Elizabeth Cady Stanton

1. Her father Daniel Cady was hoping for a boy when Elizabeth was born in 1815.

2. Elizabeth got a lifelong exposure to the law in that her father was a lawyer, assemblyman, and congressman.

3. She excelled in Greek, Latin, and Math at Troy Female Seminary.

4. She married Henry Brewster Stanton, a prominent abolitionist. At first Elizabeth’s father objected to the match because Stanton had no means of support, but relented when Stanton agreed to legal training with his father-in-law.

5. Because the young couple were only focused on reforms they never obtained the type of wealth Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s parents or sisters enjoyed.

6. She had the word obey omitted from her wedding ceremony and then spent her honeymoon at the Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in the city of London. She was a little miffed when women were not included as delegates at the convention.

7. In July, 1848 she spoke out for a women’s rights convention with Lucretia Mott and others. Later she drafted the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments radically calling for the right to vote.

8. Susan B. Anthony also became a great friend of Staton. Together they spoke out against laws that discriminated against married women including statutes that denied married women the right to own property or even hold the guardianship of their children.

9. While many of the leaders of the early movement for women’s rights focused mainly on suffrage Elizabeth Cady Staton spoke out on many different issues involving women’s rights including equal wages and liberal divorce laws.

10. She believed the Bible was partial to men…..so much so she wrote a book called The Women’s Bible where sexism was discussed. Many of her colleagues in the women’s rights movement did not hold her views and many began to distance themselves from her.

11. She had a close working relationship with Susan B. Anthony where Stanton was the writer and Anthony delivered the speeches. After the Civil War when legislators were mainly focused on voting rights for black males Anthony and Stanton continued to speak out for women’s suffrage and formed the National Women’s Suffrage Association.

12. One fact I find amazing…..one of the reasons why Stanton stayed home and allowed Anthony the job of foot soldier in the movement was Stanton stayed home with her seven children. Anthony had no children and it was easier for her to travel. Interesting……

13. At her death she left behind an unmailed letter to Theodore Roosevelt asking for his support in the women’s suffrage movement.

Finally, a great quote from Stanton, “Whatever the theories may be of woman’s dependence on man, in the supreme moments of her life he can not bear her burdens.”

Stanton was the eighth of 11 children born to Margaret Livingston and Daniel Cady, a respected lawyer, judge and congressman. A precocious child, she spent much of her girlhood observing the goings on at her father’s law office, where she was disgusted to learn of the many inequitable laws restricting women’s freedom and ability to inherit property. She even schemed to snip the offending passages out of her father’s law books in the hope of invalidating them. While he would later disapprove of her activism, Judge Cady initially encouraged his daughter by loaning her law books and explaining that objectionable statutes could be overturned by public appeals to the government. “Thus was the future object of my life foreshadowed and my duty plainly outlined,” Stanton later wrote.

In 1839, Elizabeth Cady met and fell in love with an abolitionist lecturer and journalist named Henry Stanton. The two were married a year later—Elizabeth insisted on having the word “obey” removed from their wedding vows—and went on to settle in Boston, where they became active in the anti-slavery cause and rubbed elbows with the likes of Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. Along with providing a blueprint for her later social activism, Stanton’s experiences in the abolitionist movement helped spark her involvement in women’s rights. A key incident came at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London, where women delegates were unfairly excluded from the proceedings and banished to a visitors’ gallery. Stung by the hypocrisy of their male counterparts, Stanton and fellow abolitionist Lucretia Mott resolved to begin a political crusade on behalf of their gender. They would remain allies until Mott’s death in 1880.

Lucretia Mott (Credit: Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery)

3. Stanton organized the first women’s rights convention.

While living in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, Stanton joined with Lucretia Mott and others in convening 300 people for a convention “to discuss the social, civil and religious conditions and rights of Woman.” Stanton took center stage with a reading of her “Declaration of Sentiments,” a rewriting of the Declaration of Independence that proclaimed, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.” The document was accompanied by a series of resolutions to be ratified by those in attendance. Much to the chagrin of her fellow organizers, who feared they would be ridiculed, Stanton insisted on including a measure supporting women’s right to vote. The resolution passed after considerable debate, forever changing the direction of the movement and establishing Stanton as one of the most provocative thinkers on the subject of women’s rights.

Stanton gave birth to seven children between 1842 and 1859, but while she continued to write from the confines of her home, her duties as a wife and mother often prevented her from taking an active role in the women’s rights movement. The self-described “caged lioness” finally found a vehicle for her philosophy in 1851, when she met the Massachusetts-born Quaker and reformer Susan B. Anthony. The two women struck up a lifelong friendship, and the unmarried Anthony later traveled the country delivering speeches that Stanton had composed in between bathing her kids and cooking meals. Anthony sometimes even babysat the Stanton brood to give her friend time to work. Stanton returned to the road after her children were grown, but Anthony continued to serve as the face of the women’s rights movement for the rest of their lives. “I forged the thunderbolts and she fired them,” Stanton later said.

Elizabeth Cady Stantion and Susan B. Anthony (Credit: Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery)

5. Stanton was a critic of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.

Stanton strongly supported the abolition of slavery, but she and Anthony courted controversy during Reconstruction by opposing the 14th and 15th Amendments, which enshrined black voting rights in the Constitution. Their objections centered on the use of the phrase “male citizens” in the text of the 14th Amendment. Rather than risk a permanent setback in their own fight for the vote, the pair urged their fellow abolitionists to hold out for an amendment that included both men and women of all races. Stanton alienated many former allies by resorting to controversial arguments, once saying that it was better for a black woman “to be the slave of an educated white man, than of a degraded, ignorant black one.” Her pleas failed to stop either amendment, and by 1869, the debate had splintered the women’s rights movement into two rival factions. The groups wouldn’t be reunited until 1890, when they merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association with Stanton as its first president.

Though barred from voting, Stanton knew there was no law preventing her from taking national office if elected. With this in mind, she announced in 1866 that she was running for a Congressional seat in New York. “I have no political antecedents to recommend me to your support,” she wrote in a letter announcing her candidacy, “but my creed is free speech, free press, free men, and free trade—the cardinal points of democracy.” Stanton went on to receive a total of 24 votes—some of the first ever cast for a female politician.

Credit: Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

7. Stanton’s radical ideas earned her a public rebuke from the women’s rights movement.

Stanton made a career out of pushing the envelope, but her ideas were occasionally too revolutionary even for her fellow activists. She caused a scandal by calling for more liberal divorce laws at an 1860 women’s rights convention, and later shocked many suffragists by embracing a brand of feminism that advocated everything from equitable wage laws to women’s rights to serve on juries and withhold sex from their husbands. By far the biggest controversy unfolded in 1895, when the octogenarian reformer published the first volume of “The Woman’s Bible,” a scathing examination of the role organized religion played in denying women their rights. The book was as instant bestseller, but it drew harsh criticism from Christian members of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Ignoring protests from Susan B. Anthony, the Association later voted to formally denounce the book and distance itself from its author. Stanton would remain an outsider in the suffrage movement for the rest of her life.

In 1887, fellow women’s rights activist Helen Gardener asked Stanton to will her brain to Cornell University for postmortem preservation and study. At the time, there were widespread claims that the shape and size of men’s brains made them naturally smarter than women, and Gardener hoped that an examination of Stanton’s grey matter would disprove them once and for all. Never one to doubt her own intelligence, Stanton approved a “Bequest of Brain to Cornell University,” but following her death in 1902, her children refused to honor the agreement. Undeterred, Gardener later donated her own brain to science after her death in 1925. It remains in the Cornell collection to this day.

Harriet Stanton Blach

9. Stanton’s daughter was also a prominent women’s rights activist.

In her later years, Stanton fought for women’s rights alongside her youngest daughter, Harriot Stanton Blatch. A graduate of Vassar College, Harriot joined the struggle in the 1880s and later assisted her mother and Susan B. Anthony in completing their multi-volume “History of Woman Suffrage.” After Stanton’s death, she founded the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women, an organization that enlisted thousands of low-income factory and garment workers into the suffrage movement. The group played a key role in finally securing passage of the 19th Amendment in 1919, and Harriot went on to join reformer Alice Paul and others in lobbying for an additional Equal Rights Amendment. Concerned that Stanton’s contributions to the cause were being forgotten, she later collaborated with her brother Theodore on a 1922 book about their mother’s life and legacy.

10 Facts About Women’s Rights Leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton

July 13, 2012

rorypond2020 History Elizabeth Cady Stanton, feminism, Seneca Falls, suffrage, Susan B. Anthony, voting rights, women's rights 1 Comment

1. Cady Stanton was heavily involved as an abolitionist before turning her sights to women’s rights, but she broke with many of her former allies after the Civil War, especially over the issue of giving African-American men the right to vote while denying it to women of all races.

2. Cady Stanton’s cousin, Gerrit Smith, was one of the “Secret Six” who supported John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry.

3. Cady Stanton’s husband, Henry Stanton, was rather wishy-washy on the subject of women’s rights. Also, while an avid social reformer, his dreams of a political career met with only limited success.

4. Although a speaker and thinker of tremendous gifts, Cady Stanton often had to be prodded by Susan B. Anthony to utilize her talents.

5. Cady Stantion co-authored the influential History of Woman Suffrage with Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage.

6. Cady Stanton is the subject of Vivian Gornick’s mesmerizing The Solitude of Self: Thinking About Elizabeth Cady Stanton, which focuses on the suffragist’s later years (and illuminates as much about Gornick as about Cady Stanton).

7. Cady Stanton’s “Declaration of Sentiments” was presented at the legendary Seneca Falls Convention and helped to jump-start the nascent suffragist movement in the U.S.

8. Cady Stanton’s wider view of women’s rights, which went beyond voting rights to include such things as property rights, parental rights, and divorce, helped to bring about a serious divide in the women’s rights movement of the time.

9. Cady Stanton’s daughter, Harriot Stanton Blatch, was also a women’s rights activist, and was known for her organizing strategies.

10. Cady Stanton died in 1902 was buried in Woodlawn Cemetary in the Bronx, NY.

Susan B. Anthony

Susan B. Anthony Facts

Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15th, 1820 into a Quaker family in Adams, Massachusetts that was committed to social equality. Her father was Daniel Anthony, an abolitionist and temperance advocate. Her mother was Lucy Reed, and although she herself was not a Quaker, she raised her children with Daniel in a less strict version of Quaker religious tradition. Throughout Susan's life she became known for her work as a women's rights advocate, abolitionist, and suffragist. By the time she was 17 she was already collecting anti-slavery petitions. Much of her life was spent speaking about equal rights around the country, collecting petitions and organizing women's rights and labor organizations.

Interesting Susan B. Anthony Facts:

Susan B. Anthony's full name was Susan Brownell Anthony.

Susan B. Anthony was the second of seven children in her family.

She attended public school until she was seven and the teacher refused to teach her long division. Her father then founded an educational program in her neighborhood where Susan and her siblings and other children were taught.

Susan taught at the school her father founded beginning in 1837, and various other schools in the early 1840s.

She joined a teachers union to fight for equal wages when she discovered that male teachers were making $10 a month and female teachers were only making $2.50 a month in wages.

Susan B. Anthony met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, credited with initiating the first women's suffrage and women's rights movements in America, in 1851. This was the beginning of a lifelong friendship and working relationship.

In 1856 Susan B. Anthony was appointed the New York state agent for American Anti-Slavery Society.

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the National Women Suffrage Association in 1869.

Susan B. Anthony appeared every year from 1869 to 1906 (the year she died) before Congress, asking for the passage of a woman's suffrage amendment. The nineteenth amendment was finally passed in 1920, 14 years after Susan B. Anthony died.

The National American Woman Suffrage Association was formed in 1887, and Anthony and Stanton served as the first two presidents.

Susan B. Anthony was arrested in 1872 for voting - which was illegal for women at the time. She was convicted of the offence but never paid the fine.

Susan gave as many as 75 to 100 speeches each year in support of woman's suffrage.

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton started a newspaper called The Revolution in 1868. They ran it for 29 months and then transferred to a wealthy woman's rights activist when mounting debt threatened the paper's survival. The new owner published for less than two years after. Although the paper didn't last very long it helped to express important views.

A U.S. one dollar coin was minted in 1979 to 1981 and in 1999. She was the first real woman printed on circulating currency in the U.S.

Susan B. Anthony died on March 13th, 1906 in her home in Rochester, New York.

The last time she spoke publicly she spoke the words 'failure is impossible', which are now famous.

The National Susan B. Anthony Museum and House is located in Rochester at her home. It is registered as a National Historic Landmark.

1. She was not present at the 1848 Seneca Falls Woman’s Rights Convention

Stanton reports that Anthony, when she read of the proceedings, was “startled and amused” and “laughed heartily at the novelty and presumption of the demand.” Anthony’s sister Mary -- with whom Susan lived for many years in adulthood -- and their parents attended a woman’s rights meeting held at the First Unitarian Church in Rochester, where the Anthony family had begun attending services, after the Seneca Falls meeting, and there signed a copy of the Declaration of Sentiments passed at Seneca Falls.  Susan was not present to attend.

2. She was for abolition before she was for women’s rights

Susan B.

Anthony was circulating anti-slavery petitions when she was 16 and 17 years old.  She worked for a while as the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Like many other women abolitionists, she began to see that in the “aristocracy of sex… woman finds a political master in her father, husband, brother, son.” She first met Elizabeth Cady Stanton after Stanton had attended an anti-slavery meeting at Seneca Falls.

3. With Elizabeth Cady Stanton, she founded the New York Women’s State Temperance Society

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott’s experience of being unable to speak at an international Anti-Slavery meeting led to their forming the 1848 Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls; when Anthony was not permitted to speak at a temperance meeting, she and Stanton formed a women’s temperance group in their state.

4. She celebrated her 80th birthday at the White House

By the time she was 80 years old, even though woman suffrage was far from won, she was enough of a public institution that President William McKinley invited her to celebrate her birthday at the White House.

5. She voted in the presidential election of 1872

Susan B. Anthony and a group of 14 other women in Rochester, New York, registered to vote at a local barber shop in 1872, part of the New Departure strategy of the woman suffrage movement. On November 5, 1872, she cast a ballot in the presidential election. On November 28, the fifteen women and the registrars were arrested. She contended that women already had the constitutional right to vote; the court disagreed in United States v. Susan B. Anthony.

6. She was the first real woman depicted on U.S. currency

While other female figures like Lady Liberty had been on the currency before, the 1979 dollar featuring Susan B. Anthony was the first time a real, historical woman appeared on any U.S. currency.

7. She had little patience for traditional Christianity

Originally a Quaker, with a maternal grandfather who had been a Universalist, she became more active with the Unitarians later. She, like many of her time, flirted with Spiritualism, a belief that spirits were part of the natural world and thus could be communicated with.  She kept her religious ideas mostly private, though she defended the publication of The Woman’s Bible and criticized religious institutions and teachings that portrayed women as inferior or subordinate. Claims that she was an atheist are usually based on her critique of religious institutions and religion as practiced.  She defended the right of Ernestine Rose to be president of the National Women’s Rights Convention in 1854, though many called Rose, a Jew married to a Christian, an atheist, probably accurately. Anthony said about that controversy that “every religion -- or none -- should have an equal right on the platform.” She also wrote, “I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires.” At another time, she wrote, “I shall earnestly and persistently continue to urge all women to the practical recognition of the old Revolutionary maxim. Resistance to tyranny is obedience to God.” Whether she was an atheist, or just believed in a different idea of God than some of her evangelical opponents believed in, is not certain.

8. Frederick Douglass was a lifelong friend

Though they split over the issue of the priority of black male suffrage in the 1860s -- a split which also split the feminist movement until 1890 -- Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass were lifelong friends. They knew each other from early days in Rochester, where in the 1840s and 1850s he was part of the anti-slavery circle that Susan and her family were part of. On the day Douglass died, he had sat next to Anthony on the platform of a women’s rights meeting in Washington, DC. During the split over the Fifteenth Amendment’s granting of suffrage rights to black males, Douglass tried to influence Anthony to support the ratification, but Anthony, appalled that the Amendment would introduce the word “male” into the Constitution for the first time, disagreed.

9. Her earliest known Anthony ancestor was from Germany (via England)

Susan B. Anthony’s Anthony ancestors came to America via England in 1634. The Anthonys had been a prominent and well-educated family. The English Anthony’s were descended from a William Anthony from Germany who was an engraver who served as Chief Graver of the Royal Mint during the reigns of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.

10. Her maternal frandfather fought in the American Revolution

Daniel Read enlisted in the Continental Army after the battle of Lexington, served under Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen among other commanders, and after the war was elected as a Whig to the Massachusetts legislature. He became a Universalist though his wife kept praying he would return to traditional Christianity.

11. Her position on abortion was not quite what it’s sometimes represented to be

While Anthony, like other leading women of her time, deplored abortion both as “child-murder” and as a threat to the life of women under then-current medical practice, she blamed men as responsible for women’s decisions to end their pregnancies, and the often-used quote about child-murder was part of an editorial asserting that laws attempting to punish women for having abortions would be unlikely to suppress abortions, and asserting that many women seeking abortions were doing so out of desperation, not casually. She also asserted that “forced maternity” within legal marriage -- because husbands were not seeing their wives as having a right to their own bodies and selves -- was another outrage.

12. She may have had female lovers or partners

Anthony lived at a time when the concept of “lesbian” hadn’t really surfaced. It’s hard to differentiate whether “romantic friendships” and “Boston marriages” of the time would have been considered lesbian relationships today. Anthony lived for many of her adult years with her sister Mary. Women (and men) wrote in more romantic terms of friendships than we do today, so when Susan B. Anthony, in a letter, wrote that she “shall go to Chicago and visit my new lover -- dear Mrs. Gross” it’s hard to know what she really meant. Clearly, there were very strong emotional bonds between Anthony and some other women. As Lillian Falderman documents in the controversial To Believe in Women, Anthony also wrote of her distress when fellow feminists got married to men or had children, and wrote in very flirtatious ways -- including invitations to share her bed. Her niece Lucy Anthony was a life partner of suffrage leader and Methodist minister Anna Howard Shaw, so such relationships were not foreign to her experience. Faderman suggests that Susan B. Anthony may have had relationships with Anna Dickinson, Rachel Avery and Emily Gross at different times in her life. There are photos of Emily Gross and Anthony together, and even a statue of the two created in 1896.  Unlike others in her circle, though, her relationships with women never had the permanence of a “Boston marriage.” We really can’t know for sure if the relationships were what we’d today call lesbian relationships, but we do know that the idea that Anthony was a lonely single woman is not at all the full story. She had rich friendships with her female friends. And some real friendships with men, too, though those letters are not so flirtatious.

13. A ship was named for Susan B. Anthony and holds a world’s record for lives saved

In 1942, a ship was named for Susan B. Anthony. Built in 1930 and called the Santa Clara until the Navy chartered it on August 7, 1942, the ship became one of very few named for a woman. It was commissioned in September, and became a transport ship carrying troops and equipment for the Allied invasion of North Africa in October and November. It made three voyages from the U.S. coast to North Africa.

After landing troops and equipment in Sicily in July 1943, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily, it took heavy enemy aircraft fire and bombings, and shot down two of the enemy bombers. Returning to the United States, it spent months taking troops and equipment to Europe as preparation for the invasion of Normandy. On June 7, 1944, it struck a mine off of Normandy, and after failed attempts to save it, the troops and crew were evacuated and the Susan B. Anthony sank.

As of the year 2000, this was the largest rescue on record of people from a ship without any loss of life.

The B stands for Brownell
1
Susan was arrested for voting in 1872. She was fined $100 and never paid it!
8
She and her friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the National Women's Suffrage (right to vote) Association in 1869.
5
Susan learned to read and write by age 3.
2
As a teacher, she earned $2.50 a week. Men earned $10.00 a week. 
3
Susan gave speeches around the country to gain support for women's rights. 


6
Susan never married and did not have any children. 
9
Susan was a civil rights leader. She was an abolitionist and wanted equal rights for women. 
4
She lived in Rochester, New York, and was friends with Frederick Douglass. 
7
The Susan B. Anthony dollar was designed to honor her.
10

Dorothea Dix

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