Ccad ecosystems and Protected Areas Monitoring Database Manual Edition 4 Dr. Ir. Daan Vreugdenhil Alain K. Meyrat, msc. Paul R. House, Phd ing. Rubén D. Mateus María Stapf, msc Dr. Juan J. Castillo Lcda. Carmen Linarte



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all life forms



Site code*

The site code is compulsory as it connects the species data to the tracking data in the general ecosystems form. If you come from Form I or II, the entry is automatic.



Taxonomic Group (TG):

This dbfield allows a quick entry into different taxa groups:

1 Green Plants

2 Fungi


3 Lichens

4 Bacteria

5 Mammals

6 Birds


7 Amphibians

8 Reptiles

9 Arthropods

10 Corals

11 Mollusks

12 Sponges

13 Others
Family, Genus, Species, Genus, Local name:

In order to ensure consistent spelling, we introduced a mechanism that helps you find the species through a system of pull-down menus. This requires that you enter the species systematically, passing through the 4 levels of taxonomical organization provided in the system, starting with the Taxonomic Group. Normally, your selection will already show up after typing 3 or 4 letters in the pull-down menu and then you click your selection. We are preparing lists of taxonomical groups per continent or sub-continent for fauna groups, which will facilitate the user-friendliness and consistency in spelling in the database. As it is not always possible to determine a species down to the species level, you may enter it to the level that you know. Later you may always come back to complete it to the species level.


In the case that the required taxonomic level does not yet exist, you may enter it by typing it in. For a new species, this requires that you pass through all 4 taxonomical levels.
The local name is not on the field form. If you would like to find a common name in a certain language, you may consult http://www.birdlist.org , which has one of the larger collection of common names for different taxonomic groups in different languages.
For botanical plots, it is recommended that you primarily focus on the species that seem to be predominant in that particular ecosystem.
For fauna data or individual species, you may consider only using the Tracking Data Form (IX). To do so, you need to press the corresponding button on the Taxa Form in the database.
Certainty:

(1) ID confirmed, (2) ID not confirmed, (3) subspecies uncertain, (4) species uncertain, (5) genus uncertain, (6) family uncertain.


Local name:

If known give common or local name.


Size:

Adult size in meters.


Water position (Wp):

(1) free floating

(2) rooted floating

(3) submerged

(4) covering bottom

(5) burrowed in the bottom


Institution of Herbarium or collection:

Name the institution that guards the sample in its herbarium of collection. If it is a formal internationally recognized code, use that code. This code only appears in the database, not in the paper taxa form as its registration in the field may not yetbe known and is not a vital parameter coming from the field.


Collection sample code (code):

Register code as it is registered in aforementioned institution, including bird ring number. A temporary code may be filled out in the paper taxa form, but in the database please register definite number.


Vitality (Vit):

1 healthy

2 sick

3 dying


4 dead


    1. primarily plants



Shape:

Describe the shape of the adult sessile life forms: e.g. one-stemmed or multiple stemmed tree, umbrella shaped tree, spherical bush, cone shaped moss cushion, etc. (55 letters) Also consult Raunkiear and Dansereau. This field can also describe shapes of sessile marine life forms.


Flower (Fl), Fruit (Fr), Seedling (Sdl) and Seed (Sd):

Yes, no, undetermined.

Db-Fields on combined field form are combined with Pp, Lv and Egg. As an organism never can be both, the meaning is determined by the characteristic of being fauna or flora.
Stratum (Str):

Mark presence in each stratum, starting with the highest layer (e.g.: 1-0-3)

0 absent

1 tree stratum

2 shrub stratum

3 ground stratum


COVAB:

Cover-abundance is a combined estimate which marks the abundance of individual plants, when their cover is less than 5%, while the percentage is marked from 5% and up (Please consult Tropenbos27):



R rare (equivalent to r in Braun-Blanquet)

O occasional

F frequent

A abundant

cover > 5% register percentage

    1. primarily animals



Observation time LT, longitude and latitude:

Only provide LT, longitude and latitude if distinctly different from the tracking data: In the case of very long transect surveys (e.g. for mammals) or sector surveys of protected areas, you may have entered the initial survey time and the central coordinates. In such case you may wish to enter time and/or coordinates for each observation. You may enter the same species repeatedly for one plot.


Biosphere:

Describes in which part of the biosphere the organism has been observed. The observation may be in several parts of the biosphere. To avoid the creation of 4 different dbfields we provide 4 positions for the following options: (1) On the land, (2) underwater, (3) under the soil, (4) air bound. It is important that you must mark them all. (e.g.: for a bird in flight: 0/0/0/4, for a bird flying from branch to branch, 1/0/0/4, for a pelican diving for fish from flight 0/2/0/4, a bentic soil-dwelling mollusk 0/2/3/0).


Pupa (Pp); larva (Lv); Egg : (1), yes, (2) no, (3) undetermined.

Db-Fields on combined field form are combined with Sd, Sdl and Fr. As an organism never can both, the meaning is determined by the characteristic of being fauna or flora.


Substrate:

This may be a species, a life form or a non-living substrate. This parameter may particularly be used for insects.


Observation:

Mark the type of observation:

1 sight

2 hearing



3 track

4 excrement

5 netting

6 shooting

7 trapping

8 ring


9 other
Flight:

Elevation of flight above the surface of the earth in meters.


Total number (Nr tot):

Total number of individuals of animals.


Number of males (Nr m):

Number of males.


Number of females (Nr f):

Number of females.


Number of Juveniles (Nr juv):

Number of juveniles.


Number of reproduction units (Nr ru)

Number of reproduction units.



Distance:

Observation distance in meters


Shy:

Degree of shyness: 1 very shy, 2 shy, 3 a little shy, 4 ignores you, 5 tame.

This is a very subjective assessment and often not possible to assess. Very shy is when the animal takes off immediately when it notices you; shy is when it takes off but it will stop within viewing distance, a little shy is when it increases the distance from you when you come too close, but it does not really disappear. It ignores you when you stand still, but when you move in too close, it may still step or fly a few meters to keep some distance; tame is when you can almost or actually touch it, or if it tries to obtain food from you.
W:

Weight in grams.



  1. FORM IV: WATER DATA

The water data form allows for the recording of data in direct relationship with biodiversity information. The database provides a considerable selection of common parameters, but it can be expanded to suite your needs. For most users, the field form is too long and we recommend that you delete all the rows of parameters you will not be measuring.



Wndow 7: Form IV: Water Data


This Form has three navigation buttons to take you to other forms:

Switchboard:

This allows you to switch to most of the forms;

Full ecosystem form:


This button allows you to switch to detailed ecosystem information with its tracking data;

Tracking data:

If you have not entered ecosystem data and only wish to enter water data, you need to provide your water data with tracking information. This only needs to be done once for a location. We purposely hid this button, so that you don’t enter it when you have already entered ecosystem data with its tracking information.



Site code:

When entering the data in the database, you must decide to enter the tracking data through form I, II or IX. Remember, you can only use one! In combination with Forms I or II, the site code enters automatically; not with IX.


Flow velocity:

Estimate flow velocity in kilometers per hour. This can be measured by throwing a leaf in the current and estimate the distance traveled during one minute to calculate velocity. For visibly but very slow flowing currents, fill out 01 if estimate cannot be more precise. For stagnant waters one must fill out 0, which is very different from no data.


Transparency:

Transparency of the water phase is in meters. Observation from above the water is with the use of a white transparency measurement disk or estimate; from scuba diving observations by estimate.


pH:
Conductivity;
Suspended matter:
Organic matter:
Bacteria:
Na:
K:
Ca:
Mg:
Cl;
HCO3:
NKJ:
NH4:
P-Total:
PO4:
SO4:
NO2:
NO3:
BOD5:
COD:
Mineral oil:
AS:
CU:
Mn:
Ni:
Pb:
Fe:
Cr:
Cd:
Co:
Hg:
Ur:
PCB:
PAC:
DDT:
Dieldrin:
Lindane:
Country:

Two or Three-digit code for country consisting of the telephone country code. If your country has two digits, you must first enter a 0. It is recommended that in your MS Word file of the field form, you fill out your country number, so that you don’t need to fill it out each time. In the database, the observer can set his/her country of operation as the default.

Remarks



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