-greater importance is placed on public transport in europe

-greater importance is placed on public transport in europe
-europe has an extensive network of busses, trams, and subway
V. RELIANCE ON MOTOR VEHICLES
22. Identify more American commuting trends.
-most american commuting is for personal activites (shopping, doctor visits)
-ext most popular reason is for social recreational reasons
-the other majority of trips are made for work, school, and church. Identify John Borchert’s five epochs, both the primary mode of transportation, and the resulting settlement trends.
>sail-wagon Epoch (urban areas were clustered on the coast and ships were the main source of communication along the atlantic coast
>iron-horse Epoch (steam engines made ships travel faster and reach inland locations
-canals connected inland cities with the established ones on the coast
-steam-powered railroads provided transport from outlying areas to existing urban centers
>steel-rail Epoch (1870--1920)
-long-haul rail lines connected urban areas together throughout the country
>auto-air amenity epoch (1920--1970) -internal combustion engine made it possible for motor vehicles

to become the dominant mode of transport
-gasoline powered planes facilitated long-distance travel between distant urban centers
>satellite-electron-jet Propulsion (characterized by the ability to communicate electronically, as well as control transport electronically. Rubenstein states that one benefit of individual vehicle use is perceived lower cost compared to the cost of public transit. It what ways is this a perceived benefit?
though gas costs less than the fare of public transport when you use it, the cost that comes with motor vehicles (insurance, license) are paid regardless of how much driving has been done. What are some costs of individual vehicle use?
Consumption of land the motor vehicle is an important user of land in a city
-average city allocates for 1/4 of its land to roads and parking lots
-underground parking garages reduce the space used at a very expensive cost.
Congestion: The average american wastes 18 galons of gas and 42 hours a year due to traffic.
-total cost of congestion is valued at 160 billion per year
>most americans overlook these costs due to the privacy and flexibility of schedule offered by a car<<