55 OECD, OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement (2009) at 77, online: .
56Ibid at 81.
57 Susanne Kühn & Laura B. Sherman, Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement: A Practical Guide (Transparency International, 2014) at 7, online: .
58 Public Works and Government Services Canada, “Procurement Management Manual”, online: .
59 Ibid.
60 Ibid.
61Ibid.
62 The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships, Public-Private Partnerships, A Guide for Municipalities, (2011) at 29, online: .
63 Susanne Kühn & Laura B. Sherman, Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement: A Practical Guide (Transparency International, 2014) at 7, online: .
64Ibid at 30.
65 Ibid.
66 Steven L. Schooner, “Desiderata: Objective for a System of Government Contract Law” (2002) 11:2 Public Procurement Law Review 103 at 104.
67 Susanne Kühn & Laura B. Sherman, Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement: A Practical Guide (Transparency International, 2014) at 12, online: .
68 Wayne Wittig, International Anti-Corruption Conference, A Strategy for Improving Corruption in Public Procurement by (Durban, ZA: 10-15 October 1999), online: .
69 Steven L. Schooner, “Desiderata: Objective for a System of Government Contract Law” (2002) 11:2 Public Procurement Law Review 103 at 105.
70 Transparency International, The Anti-Corruption Plain Language Guide (2009)at 24.
71OECD, OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement (2009) at 3, online: .
72 OECD, Checklist for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement (2008), online: .
73Irving Shipbuilding Inc v Canada (AG), 2009 FCA 116 at para 21, 2009 CarswellNat 5610.
74Decentralization Thematic Team, Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Decentralized Governance (World Bank, 2008).
75Contract Disputes Act, 41 USC § 601 (1978).
76 US, Congressional Research Services, GAO Bid Protests: An Overview of Time Frames and Procedures (2014) at 1, online at: .
78Effective Learning, Inc– Req for Review of Prior Claim Decision, B-215505, 19 Feb 1985, 85-1 CPD 207.
79 Duncan Fairgrieve & François Lichère, eds, Public Procurement Law: Damages as an Effective Remedy (Portland Hart Publishing, 2011) at 202.
80Heyer Products Co v United States, 140 FSupp 409, 412-13 (Ct Cl 1956), prevented unsuccessful bidders from making a claim for lost profits because there was no contract to base this claim upon. Cincinnati Electric Corp v Kleppe, 509 F 2d 1080 (1975), upheld the finding that the only loss the unsuccessful bidder could claim was the cost of preparing the bid.
81Perkins v Lukens Steel Co, 310 US 113 (1940).
82Heyer Products Co v United States, 140 FSupp 409, 412-13 (Ct Cl 1956).
86Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Airservices Australia (1997) 146 ALR 1.
87Harmon CFEM Facades (UK) Ltd v Corporate Officer of the House of Commons, (1999) 67 Con LR 1.
88Ibid.
89The Queen (Ont) v Ron Engineering, [1981] 1 SCR 27, 1981 CarswellOnt 109.
90 This is a simplification; Contract A will not always be formed upon the submission of a tender. For example, a contract will only arise where there is a clear intention to contract. However, what is relevant is that the submission of a tender will often give rise to contractual obligations. See: MJB Enterprises Ltd v Defence Construction (1951) Ltd, 1999 CarswellAlta 301, at paras 17, 19, 23, [1999] 1 SCR 619.
91Ibid at para 30.
92Ibid at para 22.
93 This is a simplification. This will be true except where it is clear that the parties did not expect and intend fair and consistent treatment. See: Martel Building Ltd v R, 2000 SCC 60 at para 88, 2000 CarswellNat 2678.
96Rapiscan Systems, Inc v Canada (AG), 2014 FC 68 at paras 50-51.
97 Ibid at 51.
98Ibid.
99 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2nd ed(New York: United Nations, 2012) at 28, online: