Chapter 14 New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries multiple choice
Chapter 17 The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
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Chapter 17 The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought MULTIPLE CHOICE The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were ________. Galileo and Copernicus Newton and Copernicus Locke and Newton Galileo and Locke Answer: C Page Ref: 513 Skill: Factual Topic: Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasingly influential social force called ________. public opinion social premise societal drive communal view Answer: A Page Ref: 515 Skill: Factual Topic: Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, ________ praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society. Second Treatise on Government Essay on Customs Letters on the English Elements of the Philosophy of Newton Answer: C Page Ref: 516 Skill: Factual Topic: The Philosophes ________, an eighteenth-century philosopher, was known as the “Jewish Socrates.” Thomas Hobbes Baruch Spinoza René Descartes Moses Mendelssohn Answer: D Page Ref: 522 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion Who wrote The Persian Letters? Charles de Montesquieu Blaise Pascal René de Chateaubriand Moses Mendelssohn Answer: A Page Ref: 522 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion ________ published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just. John Toland Denis Diderot Jean Le Rond d’Alembert Marquis Cesare Beccaria Answer: D Page Ref: 524 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in ________. France Holland England Scotland Answer: A Page Ref: 526 Skill: Factual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes ________ contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature. Adam Smith Jean-Jacques Rousseau René Descartes Charles de Montesquieu Answer: B Page Ref: 527 Skill: Factual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes Herder is famous for his early views concerning ________. intellectual realism cultural relativism social democracy relative absolutism Answer: B Page Ref: 529 Skill: Factual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes ________ maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. Adam Smith Jean-Jacques Rousseau René Descartes Charles de Montesquieu Answer: D Page Ref: 530 Skill: Factual Topic: Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment
Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light? Baroque Rococo Impressionism Neoclassicism Answer: B Page Ref: 532 Skill: Factual Topic: Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world? Rococo Abstract Impressionism Neoclassicism Answer: D Page Ref: 532 Skill: Factual Topic: Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art 13. ________, who embodied enlightened absolutism more than any other monarch, forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the Junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy. Joseph II Maria Theresa Frederick the Great Catherine II Answer: C Page Ref: 539 Skill: Factual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
Estonia Crimea Livonia Romania Answer: B Page Ref: 546 Skill: Factual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
He read the works of English philosophes. He visited England on holiday. He was the French ambassador to England. He lived in exile in England. Answer: D Page Ref: 516 Skill: Factual Topic: The Philosophes
legal reform women’s social status legislative reform property rights Answer: D Page Ref: 524 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society 17. The subject matter of Rococo-style paintings, with scenes of leisure, romance, and seduction, led to a feeling of hostility toward the ________. political and social elites of the Old Regime nobles at court monarchy peasantry Answer: A Page Ref: 535 Skill: Factual Topic: Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art 18. Who believed that the intent of punishment should be to deter further crime, not to impose the will of God? Voltaire Rousseau Wollstonecraft Beccaria Answer: D Page Ref: 524 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society 19. What did Baruch Spinoza and Moses Mendelssohn have in common? They were both Jewish. B. They were both Muslim. C. They were both Protestants. D. They were both clergymen. Answer: A Page Ref: 522 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion
Brazil the Caribbean Africa the Ottoman Empire Answer: D Page Ref: 517 Skill: Factual Topic: The Philosophes 21. Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert are best known for their great work: ________. Treatise on Toleration the Encyclopedia Philosophical Dictionary Letters on the English Answer: B Page Ref: 523 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society 22. Which of the following philosophes argued against the abuses of imperialism? Moses Mendelssohn Immanuel Kant Adam Smith Cesare Beccaria Answer: B Page Ref: 529 Skill: Factual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes 23. Baruch Spinoza inspired which of these works? Candide Jerusalem, or, On Ecclesiastical Power and Judaism Ethics Nathan the Wise Answer: D Page Ref: 522 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion 24. Which philosophe is credited with a profound effect on the constitutional form of liberal democracies for more than two centuries? Charles de Montesquieu Voltaire Baruch Spinoza Jean-Jacques Rousseau Answer: A Page Ref: 526 Skill: Factual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes 25. Smith’s theory about how human society moves from barbarism to civilization is called his ________ theory. laissez-faire deist four-stage empirical Answer: C Page Ref: 524 Skill: Factual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
the highest stage of human achievement Adam Smith’s fourth stage part of the past a work in progress Answer: D Page Ref: 518 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Philosophes
Voltaire in his work Letters on the English Locke in his work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Rousseau in his work The Social Contract Voltaire in his work Elements of the Philosophy of Newton Answer: D Page Ref: 516 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Philosophes 28. Who made up the largest audience for the work of the philosophes? monarchs the aristocracy and nobles commercial and professional urban classes clergymen Answer: C Page Ref: 516 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Philosophes 29. The two major points in the deists’ creed were ________. the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one’s earthly actions and the existence of a rational God the belief in the existence of a rational God and the existence of absolute principles the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one’s earthly actions and the existence of absolute principles the belief in the existence of absolute principles and the illogical nature of God’s existence Answer: A Page Ref: 518–519 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion
democracy independent branches of government a legislative body that would head the government a theocracy Answer: B Page Ref: 526 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes 31. What was the purpose of Voltaire’s interest in the execution of Jean Calas? Voltaire wished to demonstrate the horror of religious fanaticism and the need for judicial reform. Voltaire was related to Jean Calas and wished to clear his name. Voltaire was hired by the family of Calas to clear his name after he was executed. Voltaire wanted to demonstrate that religious goals would find the truth in the end. Answer: A Page Ref: 519 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion 32. The Encyclopedia ________. secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe sold about 1,200 copies received official support was written by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert Answer: A Page Ref: 523 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
a large role for government in the economy ending England’s mercantile system the elimination of England’s navy and army that government take no part in the economy Answer: B Page Ref: 524 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
supported laissez-faire policies was a physiocrat was a proponent of mercantilism was not dogmatic in supporting laissez-faire policies Answer: D Page Ref: 524 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
have no real moral basis can be religious, secular, scientific, or superstitious move from barbarism to civilization can be classified as hunter-gatherer, pastoral, agricultural, or knowledge-worker Answer: C Page Ref: 524 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
Theologico-Political Treatise: Mendelssohn Persian Letters: Montesquieu Encyclopedia: Spinoza Candide: Diderot Answer: B Page Ref: 526 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes 37. Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment ________. favored the extension of European empires across the world were members of the artisan class were proponents of democracy were atheists Answer: A Page Ref: 528 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Political Thought of the Philosophes 38. The philosophes generally ________. advocated fundamental changes in the social condition of women believed women to be socially equal but not politically equal to men said little about women were not avid feminists Answer: D Page Ref: 529 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment
public life or public morals intimate family life daily routines leisure activities Answer: A Page Ref: 536 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art 40. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catherine II made “enlightened” reforms part of their drive to ________. increase revenues and gain political support begin the process of moving away from monarchy begin the process of moving toward constitutional monarchy give commoners more political power Answer: A Page Ref: 538 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
Joseph II Maria Theresa Frederick the Great Catherine II Answer: C Page Ref: 539 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
Austria Russia Prussia France Answer: A Page Ref: 40 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry increased the tax burden on the peasantry reduced the serfs to slaves built many Catholic seminaries and allowed the church total autonomy Answer: A Page Ref: 541 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
replaced the nobles with loyal government bureaucrats abandoned the ideals of absolutism built a strong alliance with the nobility made an alliance with Poland Answer: C Page Ref: 545 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
because most philosophes disdained Islam because most Muslims dismissed Christians because she was married to an ambassador because she was not an educated woman Answer: B Page Ref: 519 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion 46. Deism reflected Enlightenment intellectual currents in ___________. rejecting the notion of a deity its rational approach having a special role for women in its observations its opposition to Islam Answer: B Page Ref: 519 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion 47. With what opinion would the editors of the Encyclopedia most likely agree? Women should be kept to the same sexual standards as men. The right to vote for women would be socially useful. Motherhood is a woman’s most important occupation. It is reasonable to think that women are as capable as men to be strong rulers. Answer: C Page Ref: 531 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment 48. Which statement best summarizes Rousseau’s writings about the role of women in society? Rousseau’s views had little impact on the ideas of his contemporaries. Rousseau’s ideas were novel and surprising for most of his readers. Rousseau was considered progressive and liberal in his ideas of women. Rousseau’s traditional ideas deeply influenced many leaders on the subject of gender roles. Answer: D Page Ref: 531 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment 49. What was the effect of the Prussian Civil Service Commission? It subordinated the nobility and aristocracy to the state under Frederick the Great. It placed the junkers to the nobles in Prussia under Maria Theresa. It led to a rise in the prosperity of the middle class. It caused a decrease in property rights for the nobility. Answer: A Page Ref: 539 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Enlightened Absolutism 50. How did print culture contribute to the Enlightenment and the call for reform throughout Europe? Increasing literacy and the volume of books printed encouraged the discussion of ideas about reform. The greater number of print shops employed a large number of people and raised the standard of life for the middle class. Governments were able to distribute their ideas in writing to a wider number of people. Reference books such as the Encyclopedia were available to most universities. Answer: A Page Ref: 514 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Formative Influences on the Enlightenment 51. After 1688, which of these remained forbidden in Britain? Lutherans and Unitarians Lutherans and Jews Jews and Roman Catholics Unitarians and Roman Catholics Answer: D Page Ref: 513 Skill: Analytical Topic: Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
clergy beliefs institutions schools Answer: C Page Ref: 518 Skill: Analytical Topic: The Enlightenment and Religion
in the third stage at the summit of human achievement in the Enlightenment stage of development in a stage beyond the fourth stage Answer: B Page Ref: 526 Skill: Analytical Topic: The Enlightenment and Society
based on practical politics an outgrowth of his own atheism an attempt to undermine the Ottoman Empire a weapon he used against Russia Answer: A Page Ref: 539–540 Skill: Analytical Topic: Enlightened Absolutism
the vastness of Russia the expense of war with Austria a number of religious uprisings the need to placate the nobility Answer: D Page Ref: 545 Skill: Analytical Topic: Enlightened Absolutism Directory: userdocs -> documents documents -> Vision Iowa, cat & recat projects by County As of June 2016 documents -> Unit 2: Exploring Data Name 1 Variables and their Graphs documents -> Syllable reduction userdocs -> Invitation to the general assembly of atlantic grupa d d userdocs -> Notice of the transfer of Atlantic Grupa d d. shares zagreb, 25 May 2009 userdocs -> Atlantic takes over 12 new pharmacies and specialised otc stores documents -> United States Map Activity: Instructions documents -> Vision Iowa, cat & recat projects by County As of June 2016 documents -> Auto shop layout: There are several different areas in an auto shop. These areas include documents -> Reading 6 Semester Exam Practice Test Author’s Purpose Download 236.24 Kb. Share with your friends:
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