Chicago Debate League 2013/14 Core Files
NC Shell: Corruption Disadvantage 221
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1NC Shell: Corruption Disadvantage 221A) Uniqueness: Despite difficulties, Latin American countries are making progress against corruption. Laws are being enforced and companies are making investments to fight bribery and cronyism. INSIDE COUNSEL, 12 [Alanna Byrne, “Despite some progress, corruption still a widespread concern in Latin America,” 6/18, http://www.insidecounsel.com/2012/06/18/despite-some-progress-corruption-still-a-widesprea] If recent news reports are any indication, bribery, corruption and fraud are still global concerns. Evidently, Latin America is no exception, according to the recently-released Latin America Corruption Survey from Miller & Chevalier and Matteson Ellis. Of the 439 respondents surveyed across the U.S. and Latin America, nearly 72 percent believe that their countries’ anti-corruption laws are ineffective, and 44 percent of executives say that corruption is a significant obstacle to doing business. Many respondents noted that this corruption also extends to the ranks of government and law enforcement, often rendering anti-corruption laws ineffective. Still, there has been progress in the region since a similar Miller & Chevalier study in 2008, with more respondents reporting that both businesses and governments have taken increased measures to combat corruption. Multinational corporations have generally been quicker to implement more training and due diligence procedures than their smaller regional counterparts. “Companies understand the potentially high cost of corruption and are investing in education and other tools to protect their reputation, their employees, and their bottom line," said James Tillen, coordinator of Miller & Chevalier’s international anti-corruption practice group. Some more key findings from the report are below: 92% of companies that are publicly listed in the U.S. and operate in Latin America have an anti-corruption policy 85% of respondents said their companies’ management had taken anti-corruption steps, up from 77% in 2008 75% of respondents know of an offender being punished for making or receiving illicit payments, up from 69% in 2008 76% of Chileans said their country’s anti-corruption laws are effective (the U.S. came in second, at 70%) 0% of Paraguayans believe that their country’s anti-corruption laws are effective. 1NC Shell: Corruption Disadvantage 222B) Link: Foreign aid discourages governments from independently investing in their countries, leading to increased corruption and distance from the citizenry. EAR, 12 [Sophal, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the US Naval Postgraduate School and a Young Global Leader at the World Economic Forum; “Does foreign aid fuel corruption?” 12/03, http://forumblog.org/2012/12/does-foreign-aid-fuel-corruption/] Embedded within Phnom Penh’s pursuit for regime legitimacy, there is an additional and equally important issue: the steady presence of corruption enabled by foreign aid and intervention over the past two decades. Take into consideration Cambodia’s consistently poor ranking in the Corruption Perception Index. In 2008, Cambodia ranked 166 out of 180 and in 2011, the country ranked 164 out of 182; a trend of high public sector corruption. Corruption in Cambodia is rampant and a significant hindrance to social and economic development. The social implications of aid dependence is best considered when comparing how much aid the country received over a period of time and how much corruption and maternal and child mortality is present. One would think that after receiving more aid, maternal mortality, for example, would significantly decrease; but it did not. According to data obtained from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) in February of this year, despite the billions of dollars the country received in foreign aid, the incidence of maternal mortality increased from 440 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 472 in 2005, dropping only slightly to 460.8 in 2008 (though still higher than in 2000). On the other hand, if one combined both current domestic revenues and estimates of corruption, Cambodia would have the required resources to develop on its own. However, it is likely that the steady influx of aid is disrupting the relationship between citizens and the administration. Using 2002-2010 data from the WDI, for every dollar spent by the central government, more than 94 cents of net foreign aid was received. Essentially, for every dollar the government spent, it received almost one dollar. The motivation to independently develop is lost. 1NC Shell: Corruption Disadvantage 223C) Impacts: 1. Increased corruption from dependence on aid discourages investment and growth that are necessary for economic recovery, and makes civil wars and violence more likely. MOYO, 09 [Dambisa, former economist at Goldman Sachs; “Why Foreign Aid Is Hurting Africa,” 3/21, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123758895999200083.html] Yet evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that aid to Africa has made the poor poorer, and the growth slower. The insidious aid culture has left African countries more debt-laden, more inflation-prone, more vulnerable to the vagaries of the currency markets and more unattractive to higher-quality investment. It's increased the risk of civil conflict and unrest (the fact that over 60% of sub-Saharan Africa's population is under the age of 24 with few economic prospects is a cause for worry). Aid is an unmitigated political, economic and humanitarian disaster. 2. No solvency: Aid only encourages other countries to act like they are cleaning up, while shifting corruption to more covert mechanisms. This makes U.S. policymakers feel better but only increases instability. LEVIN, 00 [Yuval, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center; “American Aid to the Middle East: A Tragedy of Good Intentions,”http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat11/strategic11.pdf] Egypt is the most prominent and extreme example of this problem, but the problem applies to all of America’s Arab partners in the peace process. In order to support the inherently incredible script of the peace process, the U.S. has had to create a fictional political reality, and the only way to do this is to continue funneling money to the actors. The promise of aid brings the participants to the table, and the power of aid keeps them from openly defying the script, but just beneath the surface, as we have just seen with Egypt, the realities of politics have not disappeared, and the nations involved act in ways which harm U.S. interests and certainly contradict the vision of comprehensive peace. American policy and American interests thus come increasingly into conflict with one another, and aid is a principal cause of this growing contradiction. Finally, aid is positively harmful because it keeps this contradiction hidden from American eyes and makes the United States a victim of its own generosity. 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