Choose the letter of the best answer

frontier?

A. the railroad

B. barbed wire

C. sheep ranching

D. bonanza farming

____ 112. Which of the following marked the collapse of Populism?

A. the Panic of 1893

B. the founding of the Grange

C. the "Cross of Gold" speech

D. the election of William McKinley

____ 113. The Dawes Act was designed to benefit

A. Native Americans.

B. white settlers.

C. both Native Americans and white settlers.

D. neither Native Americans nor white settlers.

____ 114. The Grange did all of the following except

A. support the banks.

B. support political candidates.

C. oppose the railroads.

D. oppose the banks.

____ 115. The intent of the Homestead Act was to

A. prevent African Americans from settling in the West.

B. settle Native Americans in farming communities.

C. make money for the government.

D. encourage white families to develop the West.

____ 116. William McKinley won the election of 1896 because

A. he campaigned harder than his opponent.

B. he had the support of the East and Midwest.

C. he delivered the "Cross of Gold" speech.

D. he had the backing of the Populist Party.

____ 117. The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to

A. decrease Chinese immigration.

B. create segregated classrooms.

C. settle a disagreement between China and the United States.

D. stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the United States.

____ 118. The main goal of the Americanization movement was to

A. limit the number of immigrants entering the country.

B. assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture.

C. improve the living conditions in America's largest cities.

D. encourage people to move from the country to the city.

____ 119. The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called

A. nativism.

B. civil service.

C. gentlemen's agreement.

D. graft.

____ 120. Tammany Hall was the name of

A. a famous settlement house.

B. a New York Customs House.

C. a New York City political machine.

D. the federal courthouse in New York City.

____ 121. An example of patronage would be

A. bribing a government official.

B. assassinating a public official.

C. saying one thing and doing another.

D. appointing a friend to a political position.

____ 122. The Pendleton Civil Service Act required

A. applicants for government jobs to pass examinations.

B. native-born Americans to treat immigrants with courtesy.

C. government workers to renounce all party loyalties.

D. cities to provide services such as clean water to their residents.

____ 123. The factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was

A. racism.

B. poverty.

C. language differences.

D. transportation problems.

____ 124. Jim Crow laws were laws that

A. separated the races.

B. denied citizenship to Asian immigrants.

C. taxed voters.

D. promoted discrimination against women.

____ 125. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

A. lynching was a federal crime.

B. school segregation was unconstitutional.

C. voting rights could not be tied to any form of tax.

D. racial segregation in public facilities was legal.

***Chapter 13***

____ 126. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except

A. protecting social welfare.

B. promoting business monopolies.

C. creating economic reform.

D. fostering efficiency in the workplace.

____ 127. Muckrakers were

A. politicians.

B. conservationists.

C. suffragists.

D. journalists.

____ 128. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as

A. servants.

B. teachers.

C. clerks.

D. telephone operators.

____ 129. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed

A. dangers faced by coal miners.

B. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company.

C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry.

D. illegal deals between special interests and the government.

Current Affairs Final Exam.tgt, Version: 1 18

____ 130. All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except

A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

B. Susan B. Anthony.

C. Florence Kelley.

D. Carrie Chapman Catt.

A. William H. Taft.

B. Theodore Roosevelt.

C. Woodrow Wilson.

D. William McKinley.

____ 132. The law that required truthful labels was the

A. Pure Food and Drug Act.

B. Meat Inspection Act.

C. Sherman Antitrust Act.

D. Interstate Commerce Act.

____ 133. The primary goal of the NAACP was

A. voting rights for women.

B. better working conditions.

C. regulation of the banking industry.

D. equality among the races.

____ 134. Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line?

A. higher worker turnover

B. reduced hours of the workday

C. decreased productivity

D. higher wages

____ 135. Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts?

A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest.

B. All trusts should be busted.

C. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest.

D. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished.

____ 136. Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation?

A. Unrestricted development was acceptable.

B. A multi-use land program was possible.

C. Further privatization should be prohibited.

D. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion.

____ 137. Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912?

A. his overuse of the bully pulpit

B. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt

C. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff

D. his failure to unify the Republican Party

____ 138. What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment?

A. to curb the power of corporations

B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs

C. to reduce the gap between rich and poor

D. to create a war chest to pay for future wars

____ 139. What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement?

A. It delayed action as attention turned to the war effort.

B. It had little effect.

C. It caused a split within the NAWSA.

D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.

***Chapter 14***

____ 140. Which of the following did not stimulate U.S. imperialism?

A. need for a new source of cheap labor

B. thirst for new economic markets

C. desire for military strength

D. a belief in the cultural superiority of the Anglo-Saxon culture

____ 141. Who told the artist Frederic Remington, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"?

A. José Martí

B. Teddy Roosevelt

C. William McKinley

D. William Randolph Hearst

____ 142. For which action did Theodore Roosevelt win the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize?

A. leading the Rough Riders

B. developing the Roosevelt Corollary

C. negotiating the Treaty of Paris of 1898

D. negotiating an end to war between Russia and Japan

____ 143. In which of the following conflicts were U.S. military troops not involved?

A. the Boxer Rebellion

B. the Russo-Japanese war

C. the Hawaiian revolution

D. Cuba's second war for independence

____ 144. Which of the following did the United States insist that Cuba include in its constitution?

A. the Boxer Protocol

B. the Platt Amendment

C. the TellerAmendment

D. the Roosevelt Corollary

____ 145. On what did the Roosevelt Corollary build?

A. Monroe Doctrine

B. Open Door Policy

C. Platt Amendment

D. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901

____ 146. What was included in the de Lôme letter?

A. de Lôme's resignation as Spanish minister to the United States

B. an apology to the U.S. government

C. criticisms of President McKinley

D. an incitement for war

____ 147. What war ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1898?

A. Spanish-American War

B. Russo-Japanese War

C. Philippine-American War

D. Cuban war for independence

____ 148. What was the purpose of the Foraker Act?

A. to give Cuba and Puerto Rico to the United States

B. to grant Puerto Rican residents U.S. citizenship

C. to end the Puerto Rican uprising

D. to end military rule and set up civil government in Puerto Rico

____ 153. José Martí, a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, organized a guerrilla campaign to destroy

American-owned property in Cuba in order to

A. provoke U.S. intervention in Cuba.

B. retaliate against U.S. involvement in Cuba.

C. give money to poor Cuban natives.

D. recover his family's land from American control.

____ 154. All of the following countries came under some form of U.S. control as a result of the

Spanish-American War except

A. Cuba.

C. Puerto Rico.

D. the Philippines.

____ 155. General John J. Pershing led a force of fifteen thousand soldiers in an attempt to capture

A. José Martí.

B. Pancho Villa.

C. Emiliano Zapata.

D. Emilio Aquinaldo.

____ 156. The United States gained control of the land it needed to build the Panama Canal by

A. negotiating with Colombia.

B. invading and attacking Colombia.

C. implementing the Open Door Policy.

D. encouraging and supporting Panamanian independence.

____ 157. The Open Door Policy was designed as a way for the United States to further

A. its trade interests.

B. its desires to annex foreign nations.

C. international diplomacy.

D. the establishment of democratic governments.

____ 158. The rapid growth of industry in the United States helped fuel imperialism because

A. America needed unspoiled places for its workers to vacation.

B. Americans had more time to read about foreign places.

C. the United States was producing too many goods for its own people to buy.

D. Americans wanted to take over foreign factories and learn their secrets.

____ 159. Teddy Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy reflected the proverb "Speak softly and carry a big stick" because

A. he allowed U.S. troops to beat foreign natives for breaking U.S. laws.

B. he studied West African methods for negotiating with foreign powers.

C. his soft-spoken personality made foreign leaders trust and admire him.

D. his negotiations were always backed by the threat of military force.

***Chapter 15***

____ 160. Which of the following was not a cause of World War I?

A. American isolationism

B. imperialist competition

C. the stockpiling of weapons

D. European nationalism

____ 161. Where did the assassination that triggered World War I occur?

A. Bosnia

B. Belgium

C. Alsace-Lorraine

D. the Ottoman Empire

____ 162. What caused widespread starvation in Germany?

A. a severe drought

B. the devaluation of German currency

C. the British blockade

D. the Allied bombing of German farms

____ 163. What did the United States use to overcome the threat of German U-boats?

A. airplanes

B. groups of guarded ships

C. ships flying neutral flags

D. a fleet of American submarines

____ 164. Which of the following was a result of the Selective Service Act?

A. African Americans could not become Army officers.

B. Women could serve in combat positions.

C. Troops were segregated by race.

D. Men were required to register for military service.

____ 165. Which weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in World War I?

A. battlefront trenches

B. airplanes and tanks

C. hydrogen bombs

D. pistols and bayonets

____ 166. Which of the following nations was not a member of the "Big Four"?

A. Italy

B. France

C. Russia

D. Great Britain

____ 167. Who rejected Wilson's "Fourteen Points" peace plan?

A. Allied leaders

B. the Germans

C. the U.S. Senate

D. the League of Nations

____ 168. What reason did Senators give for opposing U.S. membership in the League of Nations?

A. It would lead to international instability.

B. It would drain American finances.

C. It would interfere with free-trade agreements.

D. It would drag the United States into European conflicts.

____ 169. The policy that kept the United States out of the war for three years was called

A. nationalism.

B. the alliance system.

C. neutrality.

D. the convoy system.

____ 170. Because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the framers of the Treaty of Versailles

A. required Germany to pay reparations for war damages.

B. barred Germany from maintaining an army.

C. stripped Germany of its colonies in the Pacific.

D. forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war.

____ 171. The war might have involved only two nations, Austria-Hungary and Serbia, if not for

A. the American Expeditionary Force.

B. imperialism.

C. propaganda.

D. the alliance system.

____ 172. Of the following, the most compelling reason for the United States to enter the war was

A. a moral obligation to halt the refugee crisis in Belgium.

B. concern over the repayment of Allied debts to American banks.

C. a desire to become more involved in the affairs of Europe.

D. the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare.

____ 173. American supporters of entry into the war could claim their country was fighting a moral war because

A. the United States joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced.

B. many citizens planted victory gardens and bought war bonds.

C. the Zimmerman note was intercepted.

D. African Americans were offered new job opportunities in northern cities.

____ 174. The Espionage and Sedition Acts affected freedom of speech because they

A. forced restaurant owners to offer "liberty sandwiches" rather than "hamburgers."

B. allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority.

C. forced the repeal of the First Amendment.

D. promoted biased ideas designed to sway people's thinking.

____ 175. Labor leaders were targeted by the Espionage and Sedition Acts because they

A. demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis.

B. questioned whether war was right under any circumstances.

C. preferred the Russian system of government to the American system.

D. refused to work in industries that supported the war effort.

____ 176. Gains made by American women during World War I include

A. acceptance as full-fledged members of the U.S. Army.

B. the beginnings of a movement for woman suffrage.

C. equal pay for equal work in many war industries.

D. increased support for women's right to vote.

____ 177. The Treaty of Versailles overlooked the importance of

A. identifying the guilty party in a war.

B. treating all nations justly, including the losers of a war.

C. including powerful nations like the United States in international peace-keeping organizations.

D. crippling any nations that might prove dangerous in the future.

***Chapter 16***

____ 178. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with, and convicted of,

A. treason.

B. anarchy.

C. receiving bribes.

D. robbery and murder.

____ 179. To expand its membership in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan engaged in all of the following except

A. blaming national problems on immigrants.

B. encouraging white women to join the organization.

C. playing on people's fears of political radicals.

D. allowing members to profit from recruiting new members.

____ 180. The immigration policies of the 1920s limited immigration from all of the following countries except

A. Italy.

B. Japan.

C. Mexico.

D. England.

____ 181. During the 1920s, union membership

A. remained constant.

B. increased slightly.

C. increased considerably.

D. dropped considerably.

____ 183. The Teapot Dome scandal centered around

A. gold mines.

B. union members.

C. high tariffs.

D. oil-rich lands.

____ 184. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff was meant to

A. help Britain and France pay off their war debts.

B. raise taxes on goods entering the United States.

C. help Germany pay off its war debts.

D. raise taxes on goods leaving the United States.

____ 185. To protect their own interests, employers often accused striking workers of being

A. spies.

B. Communists.

C. bigots.

D. nativists.

____ 186. Which of the following rose dramatically in the early 1920s?

A. wages

B. labor union membership

C. tariffs

D. the build-up of armaments

____ 187. Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact considered useless?

A. It didn't prevent war; it only punished countries that started wars.

B. It made the process of repaying war debts too easy.

C. It provided no means of enforcing the "no war" agreement.

D. It failed to include several of the strongest military powers.

____ 188. Which of the following was most closely tied to the public's negative reactions to organized labor in

the 1920s?

A. fears of rising prices

B. fears of communism

C. fears of a depression

D. resentment of labor's advances
____ 189. It was difficult to enforce the laws governing prohibition for all of the following reasons except

A. many people were determined to break the laws.

B. insufficient funds were provided to pay for enforcement.

C. many law enforcement officials took bribes from smugglers and bootleggers.

D. prohibition banned only alcoholic beverages manufactured in the United States.

____ 190. To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden nightclubs known as

A. speakeasies.

B. penthouses.

C. tenements.

D. tea rooms.

____ 191. The Harlem Renaissance refers to

A. a struggle for civil rights led by the NAACP.

B. a population increase in Harlem in the 1920s.

C. a program to promote African-American owned businesses.

D. a celebration of African-American culture in literature and art.

____ 192. John T. Scopes challenged a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of

A. biology.

B. evolution.

C. creationism.

D. fundamentalism.

____ 193. Fundamentalists believed that

A. evolution and creationism could coincide.

B. prohibition should be repealed.

C. the Bible should be taken literally.

D. drinking alcohol was acceptable.

____ 194. "Double standard" refers to

A. stricter social and moral standards for women than for men in the 1920s.

B. lower wages women earned compared to those earned by men in the 1920s.

C. amount of work that women did both at home and outside the house in the 1920s.

D. unfair treatment of women in the workplace in the 1920s.

____ 195. The NAACP did all of the following except

A. fight for legislation to protect African Americans.

B. work with anti-lynching organizations.

C. propose that African Americans move back to Africa.

D. publish The Crisis.

____ 196. Jazz music was born in New Orleans and was spread to the North by such musicians as

A. Louis Armstrong.

B. Zora Neale Hurston.

C. Paul Robeson.

D. Langston Hughes.

____ 197. The "Great Migration" of 1910-1920 refers to the movement of ___.

A. immigrants from Europe to America

B. people from rural areas and towns to large cities

C. African Americans from the United States to Africa

D. African Americans from the South to northern cities

____ 198. The main significance of the trial of John T. Scopes was that ___.

A. it ended the career of William Jennings Bryan, who was unable to defend fundamentalism

B. its outdoor setting allowed many Americans to witness the justice system in action

C. it highlighted the struggle between science and religion in American schools

D. led to the repeal of a law that made teaching evolution in schools illegal

____ 199. Except for ___, alcohol caused all of the following, according to most fundamentalists.

A. urban slums

B. child abuse

C. crime

____ 200. Which was not a cause of the Great Depression?

A. tariffs on foreign goods

B. the availability of easy credit

C. a growing number of homeless people

D. a crisis in the farm sector

____ 201. Which was not a cause of the Dust Bowl?

A. drought

B. high winds

C. thick layers of prairie grasses

D. overproduction of crops

____ 202. After the stock market crash, how did President Hoover try to help the economy?

A. by closing banks

B. by lowering foreign tariffs

C. by funding handouts of food and clothing

D. by asking businesses not to lay off employees

____ 203. Who made up the Bonus Army that marched on Washington?

A. World War I veterans and their families

B. farmers forced off their land by dust storms

C. unemployed industrial workers and their families

D. business and labor leaders who agreed to work together

____ 204. Which candidates ran for president in 1932?

A. Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover

B. Calvin Coolidge and Franklin D. Roosevelt

C. Herbert Hoover and Alfred E. Smith

D. Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt

____ 205. What does buying a stock on margin mean?

A. purchasing the stock outside the regular stock exchange

B. buying the stock for someone else

C. paying less than the market price of the stock

D. borrowing money to help pay for the stock

____ 206. Which of the following was not an effect of the Great Depression?

A. Many children had a poor diet.

B. Many families became homeless.

C. Many men became unemployed.

D. Many people started farming.

____ 207. Which of the following describes a government system for giving payments or food to the poor?

A. rugged individualism

B. direct relief

C. Bonus Army

D. price support

____ 208. In calling shantytowns "Hoovervilles, " people conveyed their

A. patriotism.

B. trust in Hoover.

C. disgust with Hoover.

D. grudging respect for Hoover.

____ 209. The aim of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act was to

A. encourage new construction.

B. increase the value of homes and farms.

C. make it easier for banks to foreclose on farms and homes.

D. prevent farmers and homeowners from losing their property.

____ 210. An example of the psychological stress caused by the Great Depression was the rise in the number of

A. children who were malnourished.

B. people who committed suicide.

C. women who worked outside the home.

D. men who stood in bread lines.

____ 211. Herbert Hoover's approach to the Depression economy was based on a belief in

A. voluntary cooperation.

B. separation of church and state.

C. the golden rule.

D. direct government relief.

____ 212. During the Great Depression, the overall unemployment rate was about

A. 100 percent.

B. 75 percent.

C. 25 percent.

D. 10 percent.

____ 213. One long-range effect of the Great Depression was that many people

A. grew to like President Hoover.

B. became risk takers in the stock market.

C. developed habits of saving and thriftiness.

D. came to believe in small government.

____ 214. Within a few years, the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act led to

A. a dramatic drop in world trade.

B. Hoover's reelection as president.

C. more demand for American manufactured goods.

D. an unequal distribution of income in the United States.

____ 215. All of the following were important causes of the Great Depression except

A. both individuals and businesses built up large debts because of easy credit.

B. tariffs on foreign imports were lowered.

C. the federal government did not insure people's bank accounts.

D. the stock market crashed.

____ 216. Causes of the farming crisis of the 1920s included the fact that

A. demand for crops fell after World War I.

B. most people did not own electric refrigerators.

C. the Dust Bowl took much land out of production.

D. federal price-supports of corn and wheat were not effective.

***Chapter 18***

____ 217. What was the first major action Roosevelt took as president?

A. He called the first meeting of the "Brain Trust."

B. He proposed a reorganization of the Supreme Court.

C. He closed all of the nation's banks and ordered inspections.

D. He established the Civil Works Administration to provide job relief.

____ 218. Who was the first woman to serve in the cabinet?

A. Arlene Francis

B. Frances Perkins

C. Eleanor Roosevelt

D. Mary McLeod Bethune

____ 219. Which of the following was a goal of the New Deal?

A. regulate the stock market

B. deregulate the nation's banking system

C. decrease prices of farm goods

D. increase crop production

____ 220. Which of the following was most directly responsible for creating new jobs and putting people to work?

A. Social Security Act

B. Fair Labor Standards Act

C. National Labor Relations Act

D. Works Progress Administration

____ 221. Which of the following was the main objective of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

A. to increase farm production

B. to raise prices of farm products

C. to provide pensions for retired farmers

D. to encourage more people to enter farming

____ 222. Which of the following pieces of New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme

Court?

B. Social Security Act

C. Emergency Banking Relief Act

D. National Industrial Recovery Act

____ 223. What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in the Roosevelt administration?

A. She served as a cabinet member.

B. She focused on being an excellent hostess.

C. She was an important advisor on foreign policy.

D. She was an important advisor on domestic policy.

____ 224. Which of the following reached a new high during Roosevelt's first term as president?

A. tariff rates

B. employment rates

C. the national debt

D. per capita income

____ 225. Who wrote the novel The Grapes of Wrath about the grim lives of Oklahomans fleeing the Dust Bowl

during the Depression?

A. Grant Wood

B. John Steinbeck

C. Richard Wright

D. Dorothea Lange

____ 226. ___ were least likely to be a part of the New Deal coalition.

A. Rural Democrats

B. African Americans

C. Southern Republicans

D. Unionized industrial workers

____ 227. ___ claimed that the New Deal policies were inadequate and proposed a social program called

Share-Our-Wealth.

A. Huey Long

B. Francis Townsend

C. John L. Lewis

D. Charles Coughlin

____ 228. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was most helpful to___.

A. farmers in isolated rural areas

B. the unemployed, the aged, and the ill

C. politicians and business owners

D. mass-production industrial workers

____ 229. The American public perceived many characteristics in President Roosevelt, but ___ was probably not

one of them.

A. compassion

B. determination

C. self-confidence

D. economic conservatism

____ 230. The Supreme Court ruled that the ___ was unconstitutional on the grounds that its provisions were local matters and should be regulated by the states.

A. Federal Securities Act

B. Fair Labor Standards Act

C. Wagner Act

D. Agricultural Adjustment Act

____ 231. Of the following New Deal policies, ___ had the biggest long-term impact on the American economy.

A. Social Security Act

B. Civilian Conservation Corps

C. Tennessee Valley Authority

D. Federal Emergency Relief Administration

____ 232. The _____ reflected President Roosevelt's concern for the natural environment.

A. Civil Works Administration

B. National Youth Administration

C. Civilian Conservation Corps

D. Works Progress Administration

***Chapters 19-20***

____ 233. Which of the following leaders transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power?

A. Stalin

B. Hitler

C. Lenin

D. Mussolini

____ 234. What is genocide, as practiced by the Nazis?

A. the broadcasting of anti-Semitic ideas

B. the deliberate extermination of a specific group of people

C. the abuse of a nation's citizens by their own government

D. the killing of people for the purpose of creating terror

____ 235. On what did the German military strategy of blitzkrieg depend?

A. a system of fortifications

B. "out-waiting" the opponent

C. surprise and overwhelming force

D. the ability to make a long, steady advance

____ 236. When did Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement toward Germany?

A. before the war began

B. when they declared war

C. when the United States declared war

D. after France was invaded and divided

____ 237. Which of the following correctly matches the politician with his nation?

A. Austria -- Joseph Stalin

B. Spain -- Francisco Franco

C. Britain -- Charles de Gaulle

D. France -- Neville Chamberlain

____ 238. Which group of people suffered 6 million deaths during the Holocaust?

A. Nationalists

B. Aryans

C. Facists

D. Jews

____ 239. Which nation(s) signed a nonaggression pact with Germany that led to the invasion and division of Poland?

B. Spain

D. the Soviet Union

A. declared war on Germany

B. submitted to Hitler's demands

C. entered into a formal defense alliance

D. pressured the United States to enter the war

____ 241. The actions of which country finally forced the United States to enter the war?

A. Italy

B. Japan

D. the Soviet Union

____ 242. Which of the following did Adolf Hitler oppose?

A. Kristallnacht

B. the Munich Pact

C. the Nuremberg Laws

D. the Treaty of Versailles

____ 243. How were Britain and France drawn into war with Germany?

A. Hitler had taken power in Germany.

B. Germany had attacked Poland.

C. Germany had attacked Czechoslovakia.

D. Germany had pulled out of the League of Nations.

____ 245. On which of the following did Joseph Stalin and Benito Mussolini disagree?

A. nationalism

B. ownership of property

C. centralized government

D. militaristic expansionism

____ 246. What caused militarist leaders to gain control of the Japanese government in the early 1930s?

A. a civil war in Japan

B. Hideki Tojo'sappointment as prime minister

C. U.S. shipments of arms and supplies to China

D. their successful invasion of resource-rich Manchuria

____ 247. Which of the following matches a nation with another nation that it invaded in the 1930s?

A. Italy invaded Finland

B. Germany invaded Ethiopia

C. Soviet Union invaded Poland

D. Japan invaded the United States

____ 248. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects Roosevelt's feelings toward joining the war?

A. He agreed with the isolationists and promoted an isolationist policy.

B. He wanted to help the Allies but had to appease U.S. citizens who opposed entering the war.

C. He wanted to avoid the war because he did not see it as a threat to the United States.

D. He did not understand the position of isolationists and was eager to join the war.

____ 249. Which country was one of the Allied powers?

A. Italy

C. Soviet Union

D. Spain

____ 254. To protest discrimination, ___ organized a march on Washington on July 1, 1941.

A. Franklin D. Roosevelt

B. Harry S. Truman

C. General George Marshall

D. Phillip Randolph

____ 255. The Allied invasion of ___ was given the code name D-Day.

A. Japan

C. North Africa

D. Nazi-occupied Europe

____ 256. Truman's aim in deciding to drop the atomic bomb was to ___.

A. find out how destructive the bomb really was

B. teach Japanese military leaders a lesson

C. end the war and save American lives

D. show how powerful the United States was

____ 257. With respect to finding better jobs, the war years marked a period of ___ for African Americans.

A. decline

B. advance

C. stagnation

D. uncertainty

____ 258. To combat wartime inflation, the U.S. government did all of the following except

A. raise and extend the income tax.

B. impose wage and price controls.

C. encourage the purchase of war bonds.

D. increase production of consumer goods.

____ 259. Roosevelt's decision to remove people of Japanese ancestry to internment camps was a response to

A. strong anti-Japanese sentiment.

B. verified reports of Japanese Americans acting as spies.

C. the lack of Japanese Americans serving in the armed forces.

D. rumors that the Japanese were developing an atomic bomb.

____ 260. An example of racial tensions during the war years is

A. sit-ins in the South staged by CORE.

B. the actions of the Tuskegee Airmen.

C. anti-Mexican demonstrations in Detroit.

D. the "zoot-suit" riots in Los Angeles.

***Chapter 21***

____ 261. The main goal of the ___ was to stop the spread of communism.

A. Truman Doctrine

B. Marshall Plan

C. iron curtain

D. Warsaw Pact

____ 262. General Douglas MacArthur commanded U.S. forces in ___.

A. Guatemala

B. Hungary

C. the Middle East

D. Korea

____ 263. The ___ appeared to be winning the Korean War until China actively entered the conflict.

A. Communists

B. Nationalists

C. South Koreans

D. North Koreans

____ 264. The United States responded to fear of Soviet military action in the Middle East by issuing the ___.

A. Marshall Plan

B. Truman Doctrine

C. Warsaw Pact

D. Eisenhower Doctrine

____ 265. To label someone's activities as ___ would be to suggest that the person is making unsupported

accusations.

A. brinkmanship

B. Containment

C. McCarthyism

D. infiltration

____ 266. When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb, the United States responded by intensifying efforts to develop ___.

A. NATO

B. an atomic bomb

D. a hydrogen bomb

____ 272. The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to

A. promote free elections in Europe.

B. restrict the spread of communism.

C. force Germany to pay war reparations.

D. maintain international peace through the UN.

____ 273. The Soviet blockade of West Berlin was a response to

A. the Marshall Plan.

B. the formation of NATO.

C. efforts by Western nations to divide Germany.

D. efforts by Western nations to reunify Germany.

____ 274. After the U-2 incident, all of the following events occurred except

A. the Soviet Union rejected Eisenhower's "open skies" proposal at Geneva.

B. Khrushchev called off a summit conference on the arms race.

C. Khrushchev withdrew his invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union.

D. Francis Gary Powers was released from prison after 18 months.

____ 275. When an armistice was signed ending the Korean War,

A. North and South Korea were still divided along the 38th parallel.

B. a communist government was established in South Korea.

C. communist fears in the United States were lifted.

D. China gained control of the entire peninsula.

____ 276. American interest in developing a hydrogen bomb intensified when

A. the policy of containment failed in China.

B. the Soviet Union launched a space satellite.

C. the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb.

D. the Soviet Union exploded a hydrogen bomb.

____ 277. The Eisenhower Doctrine was a warning to the Soviet Union against military intervention in

A. Latin America.

B. Eastern Europe.

C. Western Europe.

D. the Middle East.

____ 279. All of the following were early effects of the conversion from a wartime to a peacetime economy except

A. increased unemployment.

B. inflation.

C. the supply of goods exceeding demand.

D. decreased wages.

***Chapter 24***

____ 280. The first politician to skillfully use the new medium of television was

A. Harry S. Truman.

B. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

C. Richard M. Nixon.

D. Adlai Stevenson.

____ 281. The hot line established in 1963 did all of the following except

A. link the White House and the Kremlin.

B. make communication in a crisis easier.

C. ease Cold War tensions.

D. barred nuclear testing.

____ 282. John F. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for President in 1960, was a senator from

A. NewYork.

B. California.

C. Texas.

D. Massachusetts.

____ 283. The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer assistance to developing nations, was

A. proposed by Kennedy and failed.

B. proposed by Johnson and failed.

C. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded.

D. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.

____ 284. After investigating the assassination of JFK, the Warren Commission concluded that

A. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

B. Jack Ruby acted alone.

C. there was evidence of a conspiracy.

D. the CIA was involved.

____ 285. The Economic Opportunity Act did all of the following except

A. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries.

B. give underprivileged preschoolers a head start.

C. encourage poor people to join in public-works programs.

D. create a training program for youth.

____ 286. Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president when Kennedy was assassinated, was

A. never elected president by the people.

B. an experienced politician.

C. mistrusted because he was a Catholic.

D. opposed to the Great Society.

____ 287. Medicare, a federal program established for Americans age 65 and over, was intended to provide

A. housing.

B. transportation.

C. education.

D. health insurance.

____ 288. The Immigration Act of 1965

A. stopped immigration from European countries.

B. stopped immigration from non-European countries.

C. ended quotas based on nationality.

D. began quotas based on nationality.

____ 289. Decisions of the Warren Court were

A. of little importance to the average American.

B. praised by liberals.

C. praised by conservatives.

D. an obstacle to change in election districts.

____ 290. What contributed to the end of the Cuban missile crisis?

A. America's secret promise to remove missiles from Turkey

B. the discovery that the missiles had been removed

C. Castro's promise to restore democracy

D. Castro's promise to break with the Soviet Union

____ 291. What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall?

A. to embarrass America

B. to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin

C. to reduce Cold War tensions

D. to demonstrate the success of communism

____ 292. How did America react to news that the Soviet Union was the first to put a man in space?

A. indifference

B. pride in human achievement

C. determination not to lose the space race

D. threats of military action

____ 293. Which of the following groups was intended to benefit the most from the Great Society programs?

A. minorities and the poor

B. white, middle-class families

C. farmers and laborers

D. businessmen

***Chapter 23***

____ 294. Which of the following affirmed the legality of racial segregation and prompted the passage of Jim Crow laws?

A. the Fourteenth

B. the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Amendment

C. the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

D. the decision in Morgan v. Virginia

____ 295. Which doctrine relating to public education was overturned by the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

A. due process of law

B. "separate but equal"

C. "all deliberate speed"

D. equal protection of the law

____ 296. According to the Kerner Commission, what was the main cause of urban violence?

A. white racism

B. school segregation

C. black nationalism

D. dejure segregation

Current Affairs Final Exam.tgt, Version: 1 39

____ 297. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made segregation illegal in which of the following?

A. housing

B. churches

C. private universities

D. public accommodations

____ 298. What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enable federal officials to do?

A. register voters

B. oversee the collection of poll taxes

C. oversee programs to test voter literacy

D. recount votes

____ 299. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned discrimination in which activity?

A. hiring an employee

B. selling or renting a home

C. awarding a construction contract

D. admitting students to state universities

____ 300. Which of the following is not associated with the Black Power movement?

A. Malcolm X

B. Stokely Carmichael

C. the Black Panthers

D. the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

____ 301. Which of the following was not advocated by the Black Panthers?

A. nonviolence

B. Black Power

C. black nationalism

D. community development

____ 302. Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

A. poll taxes

B. Jim Crow laws

C. a concentration of urban African Americans in slum areas

D. a voter literacy test given to African Americans in the South

overturned.

A. due process of law

B. "separate but equal"

C. "all deliberate speed"

D. equal protection under the law

____ 304. Events such as ___ helped set the stage for the civil rights movement.

A. the rise of the Black Power movement

B. the Civil Rights Act of 1968

C. better access to good jobs during World War II

D. the policy of apartheid in South Africa

____ 305. The first organized movement by African Americans to fight segregation was ___.

A. the "children's crusade" in Birmingham

B. the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott

C. the mass march on Washington, D.C.

D. the Selma, Alabama, voting rights campaign

____ 306. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a founder and the first president of the ___.

A. Nation of Islam

B. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

C. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

D. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

____ 307. One accomplishment of the ___ was bringing about a federal ban on segregation in all interstate

travel facilities.

A. Little Rock Nine

B. freedom riders

C. Black Panthers

D. Montgomery bus boycott

____ 308. De jure segregation is segregation that results from ___.

A. laws

B. random chance

D. inequalities in education

____ 309. In the summer of 1964, thousands of white college students took part in ___.

A. riots in Northern cities resulting from racial tensions

B. a demonstration in support of integrating Southern colleges

C. a funeral procession for Martin Luther King, Jr.

D. a campaign to register African American voters in Mississippi

____ 310. Appealing to many African Americans' anger and frustration over a lack of social and economic power, ______________ preached a militant approach to civil rights.

A. Martin Luther King, Jr.

B. Malcolm X

C. Medgar Evars

D. Fannie Lou Hamer

____ 311. A major turning point in the civil rights movement was marked by ___.

A. the conversion of Malcolm X to orthodox Islam

B. the drifting apart of SNCC and SCLC

C. the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

D. the assassination of Robert Kennedy

____ 312. One legacy of the civil rights movement that has been challenged in recent years is ___.

A. equal opportunity in housing

B. affirmative action programs

C. black participation in politics

D. separate but equal facilities

____ 313. ___ was the United States' main goal in Vietnam.

A. Reunifying Vietnam

B. Containing the spread of communism

C. Upholding the Geneva Accords

D. Negotiating a cease-fire agreement with North Vietnam

____ 314. ___ served as the commander of U.S. troops in Vietnam.

A. Dean Rusk

B. Clark Clifford

C. Robert McNamara

D. William Westmoreland

____ 315. In the early years of the war, a young man could automatically be deferred from the draft by ___.

A. getting married

B. enrolling in college

C. getting a job

D. becoming a conscientious objector

____ 316. ___ did not occur in 1968.

A. The Tet Offensive

B. The U.S. invasion of Cambodia

C. The assassination of Robert Kennedy

D. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

____ 317. ___ set off the first general student strike in U.S. history.

A. The invasion of Cambodia

B. The assassination of Robert Kennedy

C. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

D. Riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention

____ 318. After World War II, the United States aided ___ in its efforts to keep control of Vietnam.

A. Japan

B. China

D. Britain

____ 319. ___ enabled North Vietnam to send troops to South Vietnam.

A. The Ho Chi Minh Trail

B. The fall of Dien Bien Phu

C. The strategic hamlet program

D. Operation Rolling Thunder

____ 320. The main purpose of the War Powers Act was to ___.

A. expand the power of the military

B. expand the power of the president

C. restrict the power of the military

D. restrict the power of the president

____ 321. Why did Congress pass the War Powers Act?

A. to allow military leaders more independence

B. to prevent tragedies like the My Lai massacre

C. to limit the president's authority to wage war

D. to increase the president's authority to wage war

____ 322. Which president asked Congress for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?

A. Richard Nixon

B. Lyndon Johnson

C. John Kennedy

D. Dwight Eisenhower

____ 323. Against whom did the ARVN fight?

A. France

B. United States

C. North Vietnam

D. South Vietnam

____ 324. Which of the following statements best defines the domino theory?

A. If one country falls to communism, others in the region will fall, too.

B. Communism will topple the global economy.

C. Communism will cause the fall of the United States.

D. Socialist governments are a threat to freedom.

____ 325. César Chávez used nonviolent means to organize Mexican-American

A. voters.

B. students.

C. farm workers.

D. factory workers.

____ 326. The Indian Education Act gave greater control over the education of Native Americans to

A. state governments.

B. Native American tribes.

C. the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

D. the American Indian Movement.

____ 327. In the 1970s, the American Indian Movement organized all of the following except the

A. occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

B. occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

C. Trail of Broken Treaties march on Washington.

D. meeting that resulted in the Declaration of Indian Purpose.

____ 328. The modern feminist movement became more organized and focused after the

A. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

B. publication of The Feminine Mystique.

C. publication of the first issue of Ms. magazine.

D. founding of the National Women's Political Caucus.

____ 329. The members of the counterculture movement were mostly

A. entertainers, artists, and musicians.

B. Latinos and Native Americans.

C. poor urban youths.

D. white, middle-class college youths.

____ 330. Conservatives placed the blame for the increasing permissiveness in society on

A. women and minorities.

B. Democrats.

C. campus rebels and the counterculture.

D. the Beatles.

____ 331. The conservative reaction to the counterculture was

A. largely ineffective.

B. helped propel Richard M. Nixon into the White House.

C. set the nation on a more liberal course.

D. posed a danger to traditional values.

____ 332. Which of the following describes the actions of César Chávez?

A. He ran for Congress as a liberal democrat.

B. He adopted the tactics of nonviolent protest.

C. He adopted the tactics of militant confrontation.

D. He protested against agricultural unionization.

____ 333. President Nixon adopted a policy known as ___ in order to reduce the size and power of the federal government.

A. détente

B. Stagflation

C. New Federalism

D. realpolitik

____ 334. In 1973, the OPEC nations cut off their supply of ___ to the United States.

A. grain

B. oil

D. consumer goods

____ 335. Nixon's visit to ___ in 1972 to begin normalizing relations was a reversal of previous American policy established in 1949.

A. the Soviet Union

B. China

C. East Germany

D. Vietnam

____ 336. In the event known as ___, Nixon ordered Attorney General Richardson to fire the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate break-in.

A. the Saturday Night Massacre

B. impeachment

C. the Southern strategy

D. Black Monday

____ 337. When Nixon resigned, ___ became president.

A. Spiro Agnew

B. Ronald Reagan

C. Gerald Ford

D. Jimmy Carter

____ 338. President Carter's foreign policy was marked by a commitment to ___.

A. détente

B. free trade

C. compromise

D. human rights

____ 339. The Camp David Accords were an agreement between ___ and Israel.

A. Egypt

C. Syria

____ 340. Which of the following techniques was not used by the Nixon administration against perceived

enemies in the United States?

A. illegal wiretaps

B. arrest without cause

C. audits of tax returns

D. CIA investigations

____ 341. Why was Ford's "Whip Inflation Now" program unsuccessful?

A. It asked Americans to conserve energy.

B. The public was not concerned about inflation.

C. It provided no incentives for Americans to conserve energy.

D. Americans became impatient because it worked too slowly.

____ 342. What has been the most lasting effect of Watergate?

A. Democratic control of the White House

B. Democratic control of Congress

C. an economic downturn

D. public cynicism about government

____ 343. Which man was not forced out of his job during the Watergate scandal?

A. John Dean

B. Leon Jaworski

C. Archibald Cox

D. Elliot Richardson

____ 344. The Strategic Defense Initiative was an extremely costly

A. bomber.

B. missile defense system.

C. communications system.

D. plan for international alliance.

____ 345. During Reagan's presidency, federal spending increased most for

A. defense and the military.

B. job training and school loans.

C. urban mass transit in major cities.

D. environmental protection.

____ 346. President Reagan made a point of appointing administrators to the Environmental Protection Agency who were sympathetic to

A. business interests.

B. foreign interests.

C. agricultural interests.

D. environmental interests.

____ 347. Presidents Reagan and Bush were most successful in meeting their goal of

A. consistently lowering taxes.

B. problem-free federal deregulation.

C. cutting off the supply of illegal drugs.

D. making the Supreme Court more conservative.

____ 348. When George H. W. Bush ran for president in 1988, his opponent was

A. Oliver North.

B. Jimmy Carter.

C. Walter Mondale.

D. Michael Dukakis.

____ 349. People who support pay equity argue that women should be paid

A. for household work.

B. the same as men for doing the same jobs.

C. more than men, to make up for past discrimination.

D. more than men, to combat the feminization of poverty.

____ 350. ___ was the goal of the program known as Star Wars.

A. National defense

B. Space exploration

C. Improved satellite communications

D. Increased competition in the airline industry

____ 351. The main purpose of the tax cuts Reagan supported was to ___.

A. raise interest rates

B. stimulate private investment

C. allow women to leave the workforce

D. increase consumer spending on imports

____ 352. According to the theory of supply-side economics, ___ is the first step toward creating a healthy economy.

A. raising taxes

B. increasing interest rates

C. increasing government spending

D. cutting taxes

____ 353. A member of the New Right who objected to affirmative action was most likely to criticize it for ___.

A. resulting in discrimination against white men

B. benefiting only professional, white-collar workers

C. inaccurately determining who qualified as a minority

D. failing to adequately correct the injustices of the past

____ 354. In an attempt to fill the Supreme Court with conservatives, Reagan nominated ___, the first woman ever appointed to the Court.

A. Anita Hill

B. Peggy Noonan

C. Geraldine Ferraro

D. Sandra Day O'Connor
____ 355. In 1987, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev announced his plans for ___, or a restructuring of the Soviet economy and government.

A. glasnost

B. perestroika

C. Sandinista

D. Contra

____ 356. In 1994, Proposition 187 was passed in California to

A. keep illegal immigrants from taking jobs from residents.

B. prevent illegal immigrants from entering the state.

C. cut off education and health benefits to illegal immigrants.

D. improve economic opportunities for both legal and illegal immigrants.

____ 357. Bill Clinton became the second president in U.S. history to be

A. elected without a popular majority.

B. impeached by the House.

C. reelected to a third term.

D. denounced by the Republican Party.

____ 358. One hoped-for benefit of genetic engineering is the ability to

A. prevent inherited diseases.

B. create visual models on computers.

C. end the AIDS epidemic.

D. perform long-distance surgery.

____ 359. Soon after being elected, President George W. Bush pushed for

A. lower tariffs.

B. tax cuts.

C. expanding Social Security.

D. reducing the budget deficit.

____ 360. President Bill Clinton can best be described as a

A. conservative liberal.

B. traditional democrat.

C. compassionate conservative.

D. radical republican.

____ 361. In his foreign policy, President Clinton emphasized

A. increasing military aid to Russia.

B. staying out of conflicts in other parts of the world.

C. increasing trade with China.

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