Civil War Outline Election of Lincoln 1860



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Advantages:

United States of America (USA)

North/ Union/Federals/Yankees

Confederate States of America (CSA)

South/Confederacy/Confederates/Rebels


Population: N-24 million, S-9 million, 3.5 m slaves


Superior Officers : West Point, Experience


Industry/Manufacturing: 92% of Industries


Defensive War-Just Need a draw


Finances-controlled gold supply, more $


More Experience in Outdoor Living


Transportation-Railroads, most were in North


Felt Great Britain and France Would Help

-Imported Southern Cotton-textile mils


Agriculture/Natural Resources

-farmland v cotton, tobacco

-PA-coal


Navy (More Ships


Comparison of Union and CSA[117]




Union

CSA

Total population

22,000,000 (71%)

9,000,000 (29%)

Free population

22,000,000

5,500,000

1860 Border state slaves

432,586

NA

1860 Southern slaves

NA

3,500,000

Soldiers

2,200,000 (67%)

1,064,000 (33%)

Railroad miles

21,788 (71%)

8,838 (29%)

Manufactured items

90%

10%

Firearm production

97%

3%

Bales of cotton in 1860

Negligible

4,500,000

Bales of cotton in 1864

Negligible

300,000

Pre-war U.S. exports

30%

70%




  1. Strategies

North

Anaconda Plan (Winfield Scott’s)

        1. Blockade Confederate Coastline

        2. Split Confederacy by taking control of the Mississippi

        3. Take Confederate Capitol-Richmond, VA

Later: War of Attrition

South

Defensive War



Later-Take Washington D.C., continue north to split the Union

  1. Early Battles

FYI-Union –nearest geographic feature; Confederacy-nearest town

    1. First Bull Run/Manassas-1861, VA

      1. “The Great Skedaddle”

      2. Stonewall Jackson gets his nickname

      3. Union-McDowell replaced by McClellan

      4. Southern Victory

    2. Shiloh/Pittsburg Landing-April, 1862, Tenn

      1. Union Victory along TN-MS Border

      2. Enables Union to capture Corinth, MS-rail junction

    3. Ironclads-March 1862

      1. USS Monitor (N) v CSS Virginia (Merrimac )(S)

        1. Hampton Roads, VA

        2. Merrimac sank numerous Union ships

        3. Actually considered a draw

        4. New Era in Naval Warfare

    4. Peninsula Campaign, March-July, 1862

      1. Southern Victory

      2. McClellan: “VA Creeper”; relieved of command

    5. Second Bull Run/Manassas

      1. Southern Victory

      2. Pope retreats; relieved

      3. McClellan restored

    6. Antietam/Sharpsburg, Sept 17, 1862

      1. Draw/Lincoln claims narrow victory

      2. Turned back first Confederate invasion of North

      3. Single Bloodiest day-22, 720.

        1. 3 parts: Cornfield and Dunkard Church, Bloody Lane, Burnside Bridge



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