Commission staff working document



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Safety measures

  1. Obligatory fitting of advanced brake systems


See Annex XIX, Ch. 1, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. These mainly relate to the number of powered two wheel rider casualties, non-fatal casualty data and the equipment fitted. Crucial data such as Anti-lock brake system or combined brake system costs and the effect of the large-scale fitment of systems on market price were lacking and should continue to be sought after one of the recommended policy options has been adopted. These should be used as input for a study to be conducted by the Commission four years after first application of the new Regulation (2017).
      1. Anti-tampering measures


See Annex XIX, Ch. 2, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. Recommendation from TUEV Nord report: spot checks on two- and three-wheeled vehicles registered before and after 17 June 1999, reported in 2003; EU-wide accident research including the state of the vehicles involved; where carried out, inclusion of unauthorised manipulations in periodical technical inspections; observing the market in electronic tuning devices; and practical research into the effect of electronic tuning on emissions, noise and maximum speed. There has since been significant technical progress with new power-train developments (electrical vehicles, hybrids), which could not be covered in the study at that time. The Commission should therefore have the study updated in 2011 to include the latest technology.
      1. 74kW power limitation for motorcycles


See Annex XIX, Ch. 3, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. Baseline data need to be determined, including: sales data with respect to engine power/acceleration potential or whatever limitation measure is used; accident rates with respect to engine power/acceleration potential or whatever limitation measure is used; and emissions/noise data with respect to engine power/acceleration potential or whatever limitation measure is used. These data must be monitored by the Member States in relation to any other changes that could influence accident numbers, emissions or noise, for example anti-tampering measures, etc.
    1. Improved categorisation of L-category vehicles

      1. Electrical cycles (currently outside the scope of the Framework Directive), tricycles and quadricycles


See Annex XX, Ch. 1, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. Significant uncertainties remain regarding key costs in the approvals process and in the casualty and environmental impacts of the proposed options. These should be monitored by the Member States and used as input for an evaluation conducted by the Commission in 2016. Further data obtained to refine the assessments of potential impacts should be collected by the Member States. More detailed accident data are required to provide information on the safety of tricycles and quadricycles and to allow the impact of any measures to be assessed. A more specific categorisation of tricycles and quadricycles would allow the safety impact of future measures to be monitored.
      1. Specific requirements for category L7e vehicles


See Annex XX, Ch. 2, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. Data on the costs of the proposed options could be gathered for evaluation purposes by monitoring type-approval costs prior to 2012 (the earliest proposed implementation of any change) and further investigating the costs of national approval, to be carried out by the Member States and the Commission. This would allow the costs of approval processes to be more accurately quantified for all proposed options. For all options, it is important that a means of collecting European accident data for quadricycles is implemented and that these accident data are disaggregated for different tricycle and quadricycle types and accident locations (on-road and off-road). This would enable a clearer assessment of the societal benefits of future safety improvement measures.
      1. Specific requirements for gaseous alternative fuels and other non-traditional propulsions


See Annex XX, Ch. 3, for the complete list of recommended monitoring and evaluation parameters. It has not been possible in this report or in the TRL report to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the options for gaseous fuel-powered or other alternative propulsion equipped category L vehicles due to insufficient information on: the shares of current environmental impacts from road transport that are due to each category of vehicle; the rate at which gaseous fuel-powered and other non-traditional propulsions for category L vehicles will be introduced in the EU27; the costs of these non-traditional propulsion category L vehicles (design, fitment, etc.); the costs of type-approval; and a full energy cycle assessment. More statistical data should be collected by the Member States and used as input for a study by the Commission in the 2016 – 2017 timeframe.

ANNEX I: L-category vehicle definitions

Definitions of L-category vehicles according to Framework Directive 2002/24/EC, chapter 1, article 1.2:

Category

Vehicle Name

Vehicle characteristics

L1e

Moped

Two wheels and maximum designed vehicle speed of not more than 45 km/h and characterised by:

  • cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 in the case of the internal combustion type, or

  • maximum continuous rated power is no more than 4 kW in the case of an electric motor;

L2e

Three-wheel Moped

Three wheels and maximum designed vehicle speed of not more than 45 km/h and characterised by:

  • cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 if of the spark (positive) ignition type, or

  • maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kW in the case of other internal combustion engines, or

  • maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kW in the case of an electric motor;

L3e

Motorcycles

Two-wheels, without a sidecar fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 of the internal combustion type and/or having a maximum designed vehicle speed of more than 45 km/h,

L4e

Motorcycle & Sidecar

Two-wheels, with a sidecar fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of the internal combustion type and/or having a maximum designed vehicle speed of more than 45 km/h,

L5e

Tricycles

Three symmetrically arranged wheels fitted with an engine

having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of the

internal combustion type and/or a maximum design speed

of more than 45 km/h.



L6e

Light Quadricycles

Four wheels, unladen mass is not more than 350 kg not including the mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles, whose maximum design vehicle speed is not more than 45 km/h, and

  • whose engine cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 for spark (positive) ignition engines, or

  • whose maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kW in the case of other internal combustion engines, or

  • whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kW in the case of an electric motor.

These vehicles shall fulfil the technical requirements applicable to three-wheel mopeds of category L2e unless specified differently in any of the separate directives;

L7e

Heavy Quadricycles

Four wheels, other than those referred to in ca

theory L6e whose



unladen mass is not more than 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for carrying goods), not including the mass of batteries in the case of electric vehicles, and whose maximum net engine power does not exceed 15 kW. These vehicles shall be considered to be motor tricycles and shall fulfil the technical requirements applicable to motor tricycles of category L5e unless specified differently in any of the separate Directives.

Table 31: overview table with design criteria for L-category vehicles, according to Framework Directive 2002/24/EC, Chapter 1, Article 1.2



Figure 9: examples of vehicles in the scope of the current Framework Directive 2002/24/EC


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