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NC AT: Doesn’t Strengthen NOP/Prez Powers
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- JOC actions are focused specifically on the goal plans stated in the National Ocean Policy.
2NC AT: Doesn’t Strengthen NOP/Prez PowersCommission recommendations strengthen Obama’s national ocean policy – provides credibility and reduces partisanship.Sulzner 71—Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (George T., “The Policy Process and the Uses of National Governmental Study Commissions,” JSTOR, pp. 443-445)//FJ The consensus-building possibilities of national governmental study commis- sions have not gone unnoticed.20 David Brown has observed that they might be seen by an administrator as "a means of support, a way of 'selling' his program to the country 21 Harlan Cleveland pointed out that ''Commissions can ... help the President build support for what he has already decided to do."33 Daniel Bell, seeing the negative side of this function, has argued that the consensus-building implications of the work of governmental study commissions have become so domi- nant that there is a danger commissions may be used primarily to manipulate public opinion.-a There are four characteristics of governmental study commissions that greatly facilitate their use as consensus mechanisms. First, the official nature of govern- mental commissions lends an objective aura to their operations which tends to enhance the credibility ot their observations. 1 his in turn makes it more appro- priate and easier for public officials, as well as formal and informal opinion leaders, to respond positively to commission initiatives.*4 Second, the authenticity accorded the work of study commissions might be further enhanced by the presence of "blue ribbon" members on the commission. Typically, such commissions are composed of notables, men and women prominent in their vocations.25 Elizabeth Drew, for example, has composed an informal set of guidelines for selecting commission members, rule two of which states, "Com- missioners should be bipartisan and otherwise representative of constituent groups, as long as they are respectable."26 The personal prestige of commission members commonly transfers to the particular study commission on which they serve. Charles Hanscr's trenchant comments illustrate the potential importance of the prestige factor in securing public support. "Because it [the Royal Commission] has prestige its findings of fact and its conclusions are normally accepted by the body politic."27 Tom Wicker observed of the recent Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, "That kind of recommendation gets little attention when it comes from 'liberals' and 'radicals" and "intellectual bleeding hearts*; but when it comes from men like Thorton and McCulloch and Abel and Jenkins, it is not easy to doubt the urgency of the case, the shock of the findings, the truth of the need."28 Amitai Etzioni noted with respect to the composition of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, "If 10 wise men drawn from such a cross-section of the nation support a set of conclusions, the country is more likely to go along with them than if these conclusions are advocated by 10 experts." 29 Third, study commissions encourage consensus in government and public responses by the kinds of suggestions that they ordinarily make. Traditionally, in this culture, popular acclaim is withheld from individuals who challenge dominant norms too vigorously. Study commissions, therefore, will not consist of radicals and their subsequent policy advice is unlikely to depart far from established values. much less be revolutionary. Rather, their proposals will tend to be moderate and marginal with respect to any measure of deviation from the status quo.30 Finally, the proposals of a national governmental study commission can act as "trial balloons," as tests of public response. This is a political technique for public education and, in the long run, promotes the acceptability of certain policy pro- posals.31 For instance, the initial shock of protest directed toward unusual propo- sitions can be absorbed by the commission. Later, when public officials suggest similar courses of action, their recommendations may appear somewhat less novel and thus more acceptable. In sum, governmental study commissions through their proposal-publication and action-legitimation services promote public confidence in policy positions. In these ways, they can be vital factors in the support-mobilization process that is intimately connected with the development of incremental policy and is basic to conflict-man agemen t. JOC actions are focused specifically on the goal plans stated in the National Ocean Policy.Krajewski 11—Development and Communications Coordinator of the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (Kari, “Major Announcements Released at Capitol Hill Ocean Week Press Conference,” National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, 6/8, http://www.nmsfocean.org/article/2011/06/07/major-announcements-released-capitol-hill-ocean-week-press-conference)//FJ The Joint Ocean Commission Initiative called on national, state and local officials to support effective implementation of our nation’s first National Ocean Policy to better protect local economies, national industries and encourage innovation. The Honorable William Ruckelshaus and the Honorable Norman Mineta, co-chairs of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative Leadership Council(JOCI) presented a report, entitled America’s Ocean Future, offering recommendations to help protect ocean health, coastal communities and the many jobs that depend on them. “Our oceans, coasts and Great Lake are an engine of the United States economy,” said The Honorable Norman Mineta, JOCI Co-Chair. “While some may consider ocean health trivial in a time when our economy is struggling to recover and our government is in crisis, the fact is we need to invest in healthy oceans so that they can continue to support the many jobs that rely on them.” Solutions, such as increased coordination among federal agencies to effectively support the priorities of coastal regions, states and tribes and establishment of an ocean investment fund, were presented. In 2012, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative will publicly assess progress toward implementing the National Ocean Policy, focused specifically on the actions recommended in this report. Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2014 2014 -> For want of a nail 2014 -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 2014 -> Ihbb asian Championships 2014 middle school bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> Ihbb european Championships 2014 Bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> International History Bee and Bowl 2013-14 Asian Division Question Set Bowl Round Six 2014 -> United states patent and trademark office 2014 -> Coffs harbour eisteddfod vocal syllabus 2014 -> Listen News Programs Schedule pledge now 2014 -> Slow club announce third album complete surrender Download 413.33 Kb. Share with your friends:
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