Committee: Dr. Rosemarie Zagarri >Dr. Jane T. Censer >Dr. Harold D. Langley



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Method and Theory


My dissertation will blend social and cultural history with political, diplomatic, and military history. It will be a multidimensional engagement of both public and private realms. By devising a database of slaveholders and their absconding slaves, I hope to ascertain the extent of the British threat to America’s shoreline during the War of 1812. I will research traditional manuscript collections of leading personalities, British and American, for their views on slavery. But I also will attempt a grassroots examination of selected counties to determine the short- and long-term consequences of the British threat at the local level. Once I plot what areas were affected, I will address the response by the individual slave-owners, and the local, state, and national officials. This study will compare the responses by the earliest affected states, Virginia and Maryland, with the later ones, Georgia and Louisiana, to see if their respective legislatures enhanced their slave codes during and immediately after the war and whether residents with and without slaves were united against the threat or whether class divisions surfaced. In addition, I will follow Britain’s reaction to its role as liberator by extending the recent work on British abolitionism by Christopher L. Brown to the War of 1812 era.15


Christine Hughes

Dissertation Prospectus

August 27, 2007



APPENDIX A: Selected Bibliography



Manuscript Sources and Legislative Records



Ann Arbor, Mich.

Clements Library, University of Michigan

Robert Barrie Papers (microfilm)

Thomas Brisbane Papers

John W. Croker Papers (microfilm)

Henry Goulburn Papers (microfilm)

Melville Papers (microfilm)


Baltimore, Md.

Maryland Historical Society Library, Manuscripts Department

Memoir of General John Stricker, MS 794

War of 1812, MS 1846
Charlottesville, Va.

Alderman Library, University of Virginia

Barbour Family

Nicholas Wilson Cary
College Park, Md.

National Archives and Records Administration II

Record Group 59. General Records of the Department of State (microfilm)

Record Group 76. Records of Boundary and Claims Commissions and Arbitrations

Record Group 107. Records of the Office of the Secretary of War (microfilm)


Durham, N.C.

Perkins Library, Duke University

James Barbour Papers

Wilberforce Papers

Edinburgh, Scotland

National Library of Scotland

Alexander F. I. Cochrane Papers (for any documents that the Library of Congress does not have on microfilm)


Fredericksburg, Va.

James Monroe Law Office Museum and Memorial Library

James Monroe Letters, 1781-1830 (Lawrence Hoes Collection, microfilm)


Halifax, Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia Archives & Records Management

Record Group 1

Book of Negroes

Dispatches from Secretary of State to Lieutenant Governor

MG 15, Misc., War of 1812 Blacks

A List of Negroes in possession of the British Forces in the State of Georgia, under the command of Rear Admiral Cockburn with the period of their being taken, and the period of their removal from Cumberland Island, or the Waters adjacent to the same.


Kew, England

The National Archives

Admiralty (for any documents that the Library of Congress does not have on microfilm)

Foreign Office (if not at the Library of Congress)

FO 95/9/2, Robert Stewart Castlereagh, “Abstract of papers selected in 1814 regarding the slave trade.”

War Office (if not at the Library of Congress)

Journals of the House of Commons

Journals of the House of Lords

Parliamentary Papers

War Office 6, Secretary of State/Out-Letters (some selected photostats available at the Library of Congress)
London, England

British Library

Bathurst Papers

Dropmore (Grenville Papers)
New Orleans, La.

The Historic New Orleans Collection

Slave Evaluation Report

James Stirling Memorandum

Jacques Philippe Villere Papers


New York, N.Y.

New York Public Library

James Barbour Papers

James Monroe Papers (microfilm)
Philadelphia, Pa.

Pennsylvania Historical Society

Gratz Collection


Richmond, Va.

Library of Virginia

Commonwealth of Virginia. Council of State Journals, 1812-14

_____. Executive Communications

_____. Executive Letter Book

_____. Executive Papers

County records


Savannah, Ga.

Georgia Historical Society


Forman-Bryan-Screven Papers, 1797–1901. Folder 2: letters from Dr. William Baldwin to General Thomas M. Forman (1813–1814)

Minutes of the Council of the City of Savannah

William Jones Papers, 1809–1839. Collection 448

Virginia Historical Society


James Monroe Papers, 1788-1830
Washington, D.C.

Library of Congress

James Madison Papers (microfilm)

James Monroe Papers (microfilm)

Papers of George Cockburn. (microfilm)

Papers of Alexander F. I. Cochrane. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (microfilm copies at Library of Congress).

Great Britain. Admiralty (Foreign Copying Project, microfilm)

Great Britain. War Office (Foreign Copying Project). Photostats of WO 1/141-144, “Expedition to the Southern Coasts of North America, 1814–1817

Great Britain. Foreign Office (Foreign Copying Project, photostats)


National Archives and Records Administration I

Record Group 45. Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library. (microfilm)


Williamsburg, Va.

Swem Library, College of William and Mary

James Monroe Papers




Newspapers

Alexandria, Va. Gazette

Alexandria, Va. Daily Advertiser, Commercial and Political

Baltimore, Md. Niles’ Register

Edinburgh, Scotland. Edinburgh Review

Fredricksburg, Va. Virginia Herald

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Acadian Recorder

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Journal

London, England. Quarterly Review

London, England. Times

Norfolk, Va. Argus

Norfolk, Va. Gazette and Public Ledger

Norfolk, Va. Norfolk Herald

Richmond, Va. Daily Compiler

Richmond, Va. Enquirer

Richmond, Va. Virginia Argus

Richmond, Va. Virginia Patriot

Washington, D.C. National Intelligencer




Published Primary Sources

Adams, John Quincy. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848. Edited by Charles Francis Adams. 12 vols. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874-77.

African Institution (London, England). [Fifth-Tenth] Report[s] of the Directors of the African Institution, Read at the General Meeting, Held on the [various dates, 1811-16]. London: Ellerton and Henderson, 1811-1816.

American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States. Class 1, Foreign Relations. 6 vols.; Class V. Military Affairs. 7 vols.; Class VI, Naval Affairs. 4 vols.; Class IX. Claims. 1 vol. Washington, D.C., 1832–61.

Ball, Charles. Slavery in the United States: A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, a Black Man. 1836. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969.

[Barrett, Robert J., R.N.]. “Naval Recollections of the Late American War. I.” United Service Journal 149 (April 1841): 455-67.

Carter, Clarence, ed. Territorial Papers of the United States. 26 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1934.

[Castlereagh, Viscount]. Correspondence, Despatches, and other Papers, of Viscount Castlereagh. Edited by Charles W. Vane. Military and Diplomatic, 3d ser., 4 vols. London: John Murray, 1853.

Catterall, Helen Tunnicliff, and James J. Hayden, eds. Judicial Cases Concerning American Slavery and the Negro. 5 vols. 1926-37. Reprint, Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein, 1968.

[Chamier, Frederick, R.N.] The Life of a Sailor by a Captain in the Navy. 2 vols. New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833.

[Codrington, Edward]. Memoir of the Life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington. Edited by his daughter Lady Bourchier. London: Longmans, Green, 1873.

Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. ed. Circular Letters of Congressmen to Their Constituents, 1789-1829. 3 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978.

Documents Furnished by the British Government Under The Third Article of the Convention of St. Petersburg, And Bayly’s List of Slaves And Of Public And Private Property Remaining On Tangier Island And On Board H.B.M. Ships of War, After The Ratification Of The Treaty of Ghent. Washington, D.C.: Gales and Seaton, 1827.

Egerton, Hugh Edward, ed. The Royal Commission on the Losses and Services of American Loyalists 1783 to 1785 Being the Notes of Mr. Daniel Parker Coke, M.P., One of the Commissioners During That Period. 1915. Reprint, New York: Burt Franklin, 1971.

Faust, Drew Gilpen, ed. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.

Georgia. A Compilation of the Laws of the State of Georgia, Passed by the Legislature since the Year 1810 to the Year 1819, Inclusive.... Compiled by Lucius Q.C. Lamar. Augusta: T.S. Hannon, 1821.

Great Britain. Parliament. The [Hansard’s] Parliamentary Debates. London: T.C. Hansard, 1820-29.

Historical Manuscripts Commission. Report on the Manuscripts of Earl Bathurst Preserved at Cirencester Park. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1923.

Latour, Arsène Lacarrière. Historical Memoir of the War in West Florida and Louisiana in 1814-15. Edited with an introduction by Gene A. Smith. Gainesville, Fl.: Historic New Orleans Collection and University Press of Florida, 1999.

Lovell, William Stanhope. Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 to 1815, with Anecdotes. 2d ed. London: William Allen & Co., 1879. (There is also a revised edition, From Trafalgar to the Chesapeake: Adventures of an Officer in Nelson’s Navy. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

Madison, James. The Papers of James Madison. Edited by William T. Hutchinson, William M.E. Rachal, Charles F. Hobson, and Robert A. Rutland. 17 vols to date. Chicago and Charlottesville: University of Chicago and University of Virginia Presses, 1962-

Madison, James. The Writings of James Madison. Edited by Gaillard Hunt. 9 vols. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1900-10.

Manning, William R. Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States: Canadian Relations, 1784-1860. 4 vols. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1940-45.

Monroe, James. The Papers of James Monroe: A Documentary History of the Presidential Tours of James Monroe, 1817, 1818, 1819. Vol. 2. Edited by Daniel Preston and Marlena C. DeLong. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003.

­_____. The Papers of James Monroe: Selected Correspondence and Papers, 1776–1794. Vol. 1. Edited by Daniel Preston and Marlena C. DeLong. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2006.

_____. The Writings of James Monroe. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton. 7 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1898-1903.

Napier, Lt. Gen. Sir William. Life and Opinions of General Sir James Napier, G.C.B., 4 vols. London: John Murray, 1857.

Rowland, Dunbar, ed. Official Letter Books of W.C.C. Claiborne, 1801-1816. 6 vols. Jackson, Miss., 1917.

Schmidt, Fredrika Teute, and Barbara Ripel Wilhelm. “Early Proslavery Petitions in Virginia.” William and Mary Quarterly. 3rd ser., 30 (January 1973): 133-46.

Schweninger, Loren, ed. The Southern Debate over Slavery: Volume 1: Petitions to Southern Legislatures, 1787-1864. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

Scribner, Robert L. and Brent Tarter, eds. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence. Vol. VI: The Time for Decision, 1776. Charlottesville: Published for the Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission by the University Press of Virginia, 1981.

Steward, Austin. Twenty-two Years a Slave and Forty Years a Freeman. 1857. Reprint, edited by Jane H. and William H. Pease. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1969.

Virginia. Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts...Preserved in the Capitol, at Richmond. 11 vols. 1875-93. 1835. Reprint, New York: Kraus Reprint Corp., 1968. (Vol. 10, January 1, 1808-December 31, 1835)

_____. Journals of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1798-1832. Richmond, 1799-1833.

_____. Statutes at Large, from October Session 1792, to December Session 1806, Inclusive. 3 vols. Edited by Samuel Shepherd. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, Inc., 1970.

U.S. Congress. Annals of Congress: Debates and Proceedings. 1st Cong., March 3, 1789, to 18th Cong., 1st. sess., May 27, 1824. 42 vols. Washington, D.C., 1834-56. (microfilm)

[Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of]. Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, K.G. Edited by his son, the Duke of Wellington, G.G. Vols. 8 and 9. London: John Murray, 1861.

Wilmer, James J. Narrative Respecting the Conduct of the British from Their First Landing on Spesutia Island Till Their Progress to Havre de Grace...By a citizen of Havre de Grace. Baltimore: Printed by P. Mauro, 1813.



Secondary Sources

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Adams, Alice Dana. The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery in America, 1808-1831. Radcliffe College, 1908. Reprint, Williamstown, Mass.: Corner House Publishers, 1973.

Altoff, Gerard T. Amongst My Best Men: African-Americans and the War of 1812. Put-in-Bay, Ohio: The Perry Group, 1996.

Ammon, Harry. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971.

Anstey, Roger. The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition, 1760-1810. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1975.

Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. 1943. Reprint, Millwood, N.Y.: International Publishers, 1977.

Aptheker, Herbert, ed. A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States. 1951. Reprint, New York: Citadel Press, 1951.

Barney, Mary, ed. A Biographical Memoir of the Late Joshua Barney from Autobiographical Notes and Journals in Possession of His Family and Other Authentic Sources. Boston, Mass.: Gray and Bowen, 1832.

Bartlett, C. J. Castlereagh. London: Macmillan, 1966.

Bartlett, C. J. “Gentlemen versus Democrats: Cultural Prejudice and Maritime Risk in the War of 1812,” Northern Mariner 8 (October 1998): 1-16.

Beitzell, Edwin Warfield. The Jesuit Missions of St. Mary’s County, Maryland. 2d ed. Abell, Md.: published by the author, 1976.

Bell, Malcolm, Jr. Major Butler’s Legacy: Five Generations of a Slaveholding Family. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1987.

Bemis, Samuel Flagg. Jay’s Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy. New York: Macmillan, 1923.

_____. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1949.

_____. John Quincy Adams and the Union. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1956.

Bender, Thomas, ed. The Antislavery Debate: Capitalism and Abolitionism as a Problem in Historical Interpretation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Berlin, Ira. Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.

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­_____. “The Revolution in Black Life.” In The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism, edited by Alfred F. Young, 349–82. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Press, 1976.

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_____. Slaves without Masters: the Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.

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APPENDIX B: Chapter Outline






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