Impact Turn – End Strength Good – A2: Costs

Impact Turn – End Strength Good – A2: Costs

Shifts in spending priorities: Looking at how the four main “accounts” have fared relative to each other shows O&M spending to have advanced most significantly. Its relative importance began to increase in the early 1990s. Research & Development funding followed a similar trajectory. Procurement, by contrast, has become more important relative only to military personnel spending, which has slipped in importance. The greater emphasis on modernization spending relative to personnel spending does not mean that US military power has become much more capital intensive than it was in 1989, however. This is because the principle budget shift, which has been toward a greater emphasis on O&M spending, actually involves a significant expansion of DoD’s workforce – by means of contract labor. 3.

Third, reductions in force structure are associated with direct savings in personnel, procurement, and operations and maintenance. They also make additional savings possible in central support structures and functions – such as basic training, central logistics, and the military base infrastructure. The estimate given above for savings from the proposed cuts only marginally takes the latter type of potential savings into account because these are likely to be realized only in the case of a more comprehensive program of retrenchment and restructuring.

There is no disagreement at the top of the Pentagon that the higher retention rates mean fewer civilians have to be enticed to serve in the military, and that saves big bucks. The Pentagon pegs the cost of recruiting each new civilian at $12,300.

Impact Turn – A2: End Strength – Shifts to PMC’s

Lowered end strength causes dependency on PMC’s, not the other way around.
Gallup 8 (Heather L, 01-Mar “Blending the Battlefield: An Analysis of Using Private Military Companies To Support Military Operations In Iraq; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, http://www.stormingmedia.us/77/7714/A771484.html)KM

Over the past fifteen years, the Department of Defense has experienced an increasing trend in the outsourcing and privatization of military operations. Key factors contributing to the growth include declines in military budgets, reductions in active duty end-strength, increases in operational deployments, advancements in weapon system technology, and evolutions in the nature of warfare. However, the continued escalation of incorporating Private Military Companies (PMC’s) on the battlefield creates unique challenges. The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive research is to identify utilization rates, describe the types of roles being fulfilled, and synthesize the challenges of augmenting military manpower with civilian contractors. For this effort, the research scope is primarily focused on exploring the use of PMC’s to support battlefield operations in Iraq. The research strategy involves the collection, reduction, and analysis of existing census data and secondary archival data from multiple sources. To add flexibility to the study, interactive data analysis techniques are employed using a combination of several qualitative methodologies. The conclusions drawn from the resulting data analysis framework are intended to facilitate a better understanding of the complexities of using civilian contractors in a war zone as well as outline key focus areas for improving the planning, management, and oversight of PMC operations. In addition, this research expands the existing body of knowledge on this dynamic topic.

**Russia DA – Aff Answers

UQ – Containment Fails

Russia is expanding now – even attempts at containment are failing

Klein 8 (Brian P, International Affairs Fellow for Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/publication/17281/what_goes_around_comes_around_for_russia.html, AD: 7/5/10) jl

Russia invades an eastern European republic, sends its navy to Latin America for military exercises in America’s backyard, and threatens to cut off energy supplies to western Europe. This reads like a chapter out of Cold War history.

Yet 2008 has marked the re-emergence of Russia after a two-decade hiatus. Flush with cash from oil and gas revenue and a hefty grudge against perceived Western insults to its great power status, Russia has launched the opening salvo in a more muscular foreign policy.

While the United States and Europe hoped that Russia would become more integrated into the world system, talk of NATO expansion, support for nascent eastern European democracies, and plans for basing missiles in Poland have heightened Russia’s sense of alienation and its perception that it must not bend to the will of Western powers.

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