Conserving Biodiversity and reducing habitat degradation in Protected Areas and their Areas of Influence
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- SUMMARY OF PROJECT SITES
- PA Type Designation NCEMA Category
- National Park/Protected Area
- Proposed National Park/Protected Area
- Table 9. Extent of project sites by current protection status
- NCEMA Category PA Type Description of St Kitts and Nevis PA Categories
Freshwater FaunaMost islands in the Lesser Antilles typically have few freshwater fish64. Generally, freshwater fish assemblages of the Lesser Antilles are characterized by semi-marine mountain mullets (Mugiliidae) and gobies (Gobiidae), with the only true freshwater fish being the introduced poeciliids or guppies (i.e., Lebistes reticulatus, Poecilia vivipara) and cichlids (e.g., Oreochromis spp.) (Myers 1938). The Lesser Antilles apparently has only 1 endemic species, Rivulus cryptocallus, from Martinique (Burgess and Franz1989). Lee et al. (1983) list 5 native species, but Burgess and Franz (1989) think that three of these—Poecilia vivipara, P. reticulata and Synbranchus marmoratus (swamp eel)—are introduced. Eight families are listed as occurring in the Lesser Antilles—Poeciliidae, Anguillidae, Gobiidae, Eleotridae, Mugilidae, Gerridae, Centropomodae, and Carangidae—all of which can move between fresh and salt water, and some of which spawn at sea65. The freshwater fish fauna of St. Kitts-Nevis—and the rest of the Lesser Antilles— is not well studied. There are local reports of 9 species for St. Kitts, and about 5 species for Nevis. Though Mountain mullet (Agonostomus monticola) and mudfish (Gobiidae) are cited as occurring in ephemeral pools or streams after prolonged periods of rains (CCA/IRF, 1991), these seem to be very uncommon. Poecelia reticulata can be found in the streams on the southwestern side of St. Kitts. There is a Gambusia species, which was introduced to Dos D'ane Pond by Campbell Evelyn earlier this century. There was some attempt to introduce a trout species to estate ponds, but although they survived for a short time, they are believed to have died out. Nevis is known to have a Gambusia species, a mudfish (Goebidae) and one or two species of Tilapia. There is mention of Mountain mullets (Smith, 1745), but their current status is not known (Horwith and Lindsay 1999). SUMMARY OF PROJECT SITES Table 8. Summary of Project Sites and Designation
Table 9. Extent of project sites by current protection status
The objectives for management of each protected are not aligned to the six IUCN protected area categories. NCEMA categories (Table 10) differ from the IUCN protected area categories, in that they are not based on management objectives, but on the features and current or proposed use. IUCN categories are used as the global standard and are based on the primary objective, other objectives and distinguishing features. It would be useful to align the NCEMA categories with those of the IUCN, so that direct comparisons can be made with other similar protected areas around the world, in terms of management effectiveness, and their contribution to the CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas. Table 10. Protected Area Categories in NCEMA (2008) Act and the proposed NCEPA Act.
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