Contents 1Introduction to the project 4
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- Table : Benefits from increasing room utilisation
- Assumptions
- Room Frequency Defined
1.9International sourcesThe Association of Higher Education Facilities Officers (APPA) in the USA publishes the journal, Facilities Manager, which disseminates research into HE space management. The journal can be searched on www.appa.org. and the following are the most relevant articles. Biddison & Hier, (1998) explained why there was increased US interest in reducing HE estate costs. They contrasted the increase of 234% in costs over the preceding 15 years, with the rise of only 82% in median household incomes. This had prompted legislation forcing colleges to exercise greater financial accountability and control. The article advocated cutting costs of classroom provision by setting utilisation targets, and suggested 30-33 hours out of a 45-50 hour week (66% frequency) as a reasonable target. Although there was no available body of empirical utilisation data, the authors’ research showed levels as low as 20% and over 50% was rare. They advocated investigating cost savings for different utilisation rates, as a method for instigating policy change and increasing efficiency over time. Table illustrates the approach. Table : Benefits from increasing room utilisation
Source: adapted from Biddison & Hier (1998) Two factors were identified as crucial for success:
A working group identifying a research agenda for APPA focussed its consideration of space management issues on “methods and criteria for measuring asset productivity and utilisation”, (Daigneau, 1999). The group considered that HEIs rarely examined utilisation after constructing a new building and “This has raised the impression with many business-minded legislators and trustees that higher education administrators are prone to build too much space for their needs. This is simply because they are unable to show how effectively or ineffectively they use it.” Shader & Vaughn (1998) described the space planning system at the University of Missouri-Columbia (MU), from its inception in 1995 when the Space Planning and Management office (SPAM) was created. Floor plans were drawn and maintained in AutoCAD R13; attached to a space database constructed using Archibus FM10. A Standards and Conventions Manual was created to guide the creation of computerized floor plans of the university's 1,100 buildings, comprising 15 million square feet of space. Plans for 200 of them are accessible via an interactive campus map or building list through MU's campus facilities' home page http://www.cf.missouri.edu. The web page makes available manuals of procedures. In January each year departments are asked to update, via the web, a record of their room use and to break down each room's activities, by percentages, into categories. These are
Office and research space surveys determine how many people, by FTE, require office space and help plan for adequate research space, although this does not allow for laboratories. The instructional space survey requires teaching staff input. With information gathered from the above surveys, SPAM produces a formula-driven Space Generation Model, and each July reports space-use to senior management. The report categorises existing and generated departmental space needs along lines described in the 1992 Post-Secondary Education Facilities Inventory & Classification Manual published by the National Center for Educational Statistics. Formulae for generating certain types of space needs on campus involve standards researched and developed by SPAM. The office has space standards for typical offices, classrooms, animal labs, and library space. Office space is broken down by title and function to account for varying responsibilities and duties. A more extensive list, based on academic disciplines, has been created for research and teaching laboratory space. Planning standards for other types of space are being developed and all space standards are continually being refined and benchmarked against information gathered from peer institutions. Web sites of other universities in the USA, Canada and Australia show systems of varying sophistication, many concentrating on central room booking via an intranet. Although APPA has disseminated some useful material, it appears that practice in the USA is patchy, with widespread low utilisation rates, contrasting with advanced practice in individual organisations such as MU. The AAPPA web-site, www.aappa.com provides information about the activities of The Australian equivalent organisation to the US APPA. Directory: estates estates -> Dear friends and neighbours estates -> King’s College Estates Records estates -> Catalogue compiled by Jude Brimmer from a card catalogue by Michael Stansfield at the King’s College Archive Centre, Cambridge, as part of the ‘Promotion of Public Access to the King’s College Estates Records’ project supported by the Heritage Lottery estates -> Fuel Card No Fuel Type Diesel/Petrol/Electric/Other Mileage Download 412.01 Kb. Share with your friends:
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