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- Herbaceous Upland
- Wetlands
- Climate
- Humid Continental
Non-natural Woody:Non-natural Woody is areas dominated by non-natural woody vegetation; non-natural woody vegetative canopy accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover. The non-natural woody classification is subject to the availability of sufficient ancillary data to differentiate non-natural woody vegetation from natural woody vegetation. It includes an orchards/vineyards/other subcategory which is orchards, vineyards, and other areas planted or maintained for the production of fruits, nuts, berries, or ornamentals. Herbaceous Upland:Herbaceous upland areas characterized by natural or semi- natural herbaceous vegetation; herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover. They include a grassland/herbaceous subcategory. This is defined as areas dominated by upland grasses and forbs. In rare cases, herbaceous cover is less than 25 percent, but exceeds the combined cover of the woody species present. These areas are not subject to intensive management, but they are often utilized for grazing. Herbaceous Planted/Cultivated: This category includes areas characterized by herbaceous vegetation that has been planted or is intensively managed for the production of food, feed, or fiber; or is maintained in developed settings for specific purposes. Herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover. The subcategories of pasture/hay, row crops, small grains, fallow, and urban/recreational grasses fall into this category. Pasture/Hay is defined as areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. Row crops are areas used for the production of crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton. Small grain areas are used for the production of graminoid crops such as wheat, barley, oats, and rice. Fallow is defined as areas used for the production of crops that are temporarily barren or with sparse vegetative cover as a result of being tilled in a management practice that incorporates prescribed alternation between cropping and tillage. Urban/Recreational grasses includes vegetation (primarily grasses) planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes. Examples include parks, lawns, golf courses, airport grasses, and industrial site grasses. Wetlands:Wetlands are areas where the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water as defined by Cowardin et al. They include the subcategories of woody wetlands and emergent herbaceous wetlands. Woody wetlands are areas where forest or shrubland vegetation accounts for 25-100 percent of the cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. Emergent herbaceous wetlands are defined as areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for 75-100 percent of the cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. The Raystown region has many distinctive areas. The history, geology, and hydrology of the region have created some great recreational areas and natural wonders, as have humans. The following is a list of the top ten unique areas of interest within the Raystown watershed.
Along with these regions are others known for fishing, hunting, public recreation, and education. These major recreational areas are listed below.
Raystown Watershed Land Use-Land Cover 
Information courtesy of: PASDA; www.pasda.psu.edu Image courtesty of: Juniata College; http://services.juniata.edu/station/ ClimateITEMS TO BE DISCUSSED IN THIS SECTION: What is the average monthly and annual rainfall? What is the average monthly and annual snowfall? What are the average monthly temperatures? What is ET for the area? What are significant seasonal climate changes that occur in central PA? What effects does this climate have on the lake and its ecosystem? Is acid rain an issue? Are droughts an issue? What are the typical storm patterns? What is the hydrologic budget? Rainfall –Evapotranspiration = Runoff. Humid ContinentalThe Raystown Lake area has a humid continental climate (Pennsylvania State Climatologist, 2004). This particular type of climate is most common in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes. 
(Ritter, 2003) As you can see by referring to Koeppen’s Climate Classification, Pennsylvania lies within a temperate climate region. The Koeppen system is one of the most widely used systems for classifying climate because it is easy to use and data requirements are minimal. The humid continental climate that is the temperate region is known for its varying weather conditions because of its location in the mid-latitudes and year round influence of the polar front (Ritter, 2003). This climate occurs between two distinct types of air masses, polar and tropical ones. 
(Ritter, 2003). As you can see according to the diagram the polar air masses push North to South confronting the tropical air masses that push South to North. When these two air masses collide they generate an uplift of the less dense moister tropical air and this causes precipitation to occur (Ritter, 2003). The weather systems that mainly have a direct effect upon this area develop in the Midwest. The Westerlies bring these weather systems eastward. The Westerlies are the dominant winds of the mid-latitudes. These winds move from the subtropical highs to the sub polar lows from west to east (Pidwirny, 2004). The Mountain ranges toward the west of Huntingdon tend to dry up air masses on their approach so that less moisture is available by the time the system reaches this area. This is known as orographic uplift which means an uplift of an air mass occurs because of a topographic obstruction (Pidwirny, 2004). Uplift also causes the cooling of the air mass. Directory: faculty faculty -> Dsci 3870: Management Science faculty -> Handling Indivisibilities faculty -> Course overview faculty -> Curriculum vitae wei chen professor faculty -> Digital image warping faculty -> Samples of Elements Exam Question III contains All Prior Exam Qs III except faculty -> 【Education&Working Experience】 faculty -> References Abe, M., A. Kitoh and T. Yasunari, 2003: An evolution of the Asian summer monsoon associated with mountain uplift —Simulation with the mri atmosphere-ocean coupled gcm. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81 faculty -> Ralph R. Ferraro Chief, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, noaa/nesdis faculty -> Unit IV text: Types of Oil, Types of Prices Grammar: that/those of, with revision Download 431.83 Kb. Share with your friends:
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