Decision of the Heritage Council
VICTORIAN HISTORICAL THEMES
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- PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
- OBJECTS AND INTERIORS
- LANDSCAPES, TREES GARDENS
- ARCHAEOLOGY
- INTEGRITY/INTACTNESS
- CONDITION
- COMPARISONS
VICTORIAN HISTORICAL THEMES02 Peopling Victoria’s places and landscapes 2.5 Migrating and making a home 04 Transforming and managing land and natural resources 4.3 Grazing and raising livestock 4.4 Farming 4.7 Transforming the land and waterways PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONBarunah Plains is a highly intact farm complex. It includes a large single storey bluestone homestead with slate roof, constructed in three main stages (1866-67, c1886 and 1903) and a large collection of bluestone outbuildings. A number of these are located at the home station and others are more remote from the homestead. The homestead has been clearly built in a number of stages to form the present large house. It contains a series of rooms which face the Warrambine River to the north and a series of rooms, including the main entrance, which face to the east. Two wings have been added to the original homestead, one to the south and one to the west. The original bluestone homestead section, with verandah, is of simple Italianate design. The house appears to have consisted of two wings, one facing north and the other west, with a detached service wing to the south west. This section contains simple detailing and incorporates a polygonal bay which faces the creek to the north. A photograph clearly shows this first homestead as viewed from the north-east. Two wings have been added to the original homestead. A wing to the south (dating from c1886) contains the main entrance hall, two large reception rooms and a billiard room. A wing to the west (dating from 1903) contains a suite of bedrooms with a square bay and turreted polygonal bay. A small conservatory with shelving is placed at the junction of the original house and the 1903 addition. An internal ballroom has been formed by filling in a central courtyard in 1903. A timber amenities building (date unknown) is situated to the south west of the main homestead. The interiors of the homestead contain decoration from the 1880s and the early twentieth century. The 1880s decoration includes embossed wallpaper dados, aedicule door surrounds, stepped cornices and a large arched opening in the main entrance, and a timber lined coved ceiling and decorative beams in the billiard room. Other rooms throughout the house contain elements of twentieth century decoration which are outstanding examples of the Arts and Crafts period. These include stained glass, timber work, tiles and metal work. These are particularly evident in the west wing and ballroom, however rooms such as the ballroom (fireplace) and the main entrance hall (stained glass in front door and sidelights) also contain twentieth century detailing. The rooms in the west wing contain stained timber cabinetry and mantelpieces with stained glass and mirror inserts, tiled fireplace surrounds and hearths and copper detailing. The lobby between the early and later section has a raised skylight and an entrance door and sidelight containing stained glass. The ballroom contains two fireplaces with timber detailing (fireplace surrounds have been obscured by later applied finish), timber cabinetry and panelling (original stained finish since painted), stained glass door, window and highlight panes, and stained timber roof structure. In the early twentieth century detailing was applied to various elements throughout the house. This included specially designed bronze door handles and plates, large timber push plates and stained glass in windows and doors. A number of bluestone outbuildings remain largely intact at the property. These include stables (with timber dovecote and intact interior), coach house, bakehouse and dairy, manager’s cottage, rams’ shed and woolshed. The dates of the various outbuildings are unknown, however it is likely that they were constructed in the later nineteenth century. In 1904 it was stated that the Barunah Plains Merino flock was 'the most noted in the Western District', comprising 50,000 sheep on the 51,000 acres. The ram building is one unusual manifestation of this once very large sheep property. Seven bluestone water storage tanks are located at the property. Other notable features are the corrugated iron clad engine house with half-timbered gable end which was built by 1910. It contains the electrical power plant which provided power to light the homestead and stables, to drive twenty shearing machines and to cut chaff and all firewood needed. The T-shaped bluestone woolshed is located on a rise on the north side of the Warrambine Creek. Its south wall is concealed by corrugated iron additions. The manager’s cottage and another bluestone cottage are situated on the east side of the creek and a timber gardener’s cottage to the west of the homestead. The bluestone cottage to the east of the property contains the fireplace surround that was once in the main drawing room in the homestead. A bluestone rams’ shed, with slatted floor and subfloor access, is located east of the main entrance driveway and a bluestone hut and yard, in a ruinous state, is located to the west of the property. It has been suggested that this was a dog kennel and yard complex. A number of timber buildings are located in the vicinity of the original shearers’ quarters. The main building, containing a baker’s oven and sink with wooden drainer, had been constructed by 1929 and two other buildings appear to have been added soon after. This includes an ablutions building to the south which contains a large communal lead lined basin on timber base, with a series of taps fixed to a suspended timber beam above. Other buildings and structures have been added to the property in the mid to late twentieth century. These include cottages, a tennis court, swimming pool/entertainment area and a number of structures associated with farm use. None of these elements have been identified as being of significance.
The Barunah Plains homestead complex is picturesquely sited on a flat plain to the east and south of the Warrambine Creek and on the undulating and stepped rocky escarpments along the water course. Directly to the north of the creek, and near the highest point of the property, is the woolshed and associated shearers’ quarters. A collection of plants and trees representative of the periods of development remains at Barunah Plains. The late nineteenth century planting is represented by mature specimens of conifers and early twentieth century Sugar Gums. An extensive designed landscape exists at Barunah Plains amongst a few remnant River Red Gums. This incorporates extensive windbreak plantings of Monterey Cypress, Monterey Pines, Aleppo Pines, Stone Pines, and Sugar Gums in rows and stands. The windbreak plantings are a dominant feature at Barunah Plains. Commencing at the entrance to the property on the Hamilton Highway, a large plantation occurs along the west side of the drive and this is planted with Sugar Gum, Monterey Pine, Stone Pine Monterey Cypress, and Elms. On the east side are remnant rows and stands of Sugar Gums. The windbreak planting continues around the homestead, outbuildings, garden and orchard to almost enclose the complex. Additional trees, rows and stands of Monterey Pines and Monterey Cypress occur within the homestead garden and Sugar Gums, Dutch Elms, Canary Island Pine, and Italian, and Bhutan Cypress are located south of the orchard. Nearby is a circle planting of Pepper Trees, a ‘horseshoe’ planting of Monterey Pines west of the gardener’s cottage, and a row of seven Osage Orange trees south of the orchard. The homestead garden is laid out on the south side of Warrambine Creek and is nestled into a large ‘S’ bend of the creek in an enclosed oasis. This contrasts with the surrounding open farmland. The garden design and planting provided for leisure activities, horticultural pursuits, plant diversity, food production and Barunah Plains includes an important example of a homestead garden and extensive windbreak plantations. The homestead garden is likely to have been first established in the 1860s and developed further in the 1880s. Early images from 1910 and 1929 indicate that the general layout of the garden and homestead remain largely intact however the garden itself has become depleted. Losses include shrubs, Cordylines, and extensive rose and flower gardens. There is an ongoing loss of early conifer planting, which reflects the age of trees planted in the 1880s. The garden is partially enclosed by a section of timber picket fence and rail fences. The latter also occur around parts of the drive to the outbuildings. An important feature of the garden is an ornate timber gate at the eastern entry. (An identical gate has been removed from the south entry). Contained within the garden are gravel drives and paths, steps, bluestone wall remains and timber post, a tennis court on the east side, a sunken croquet lawn to the north and a swimming pool and pavilion to the west. West of the homestead is a large orchard containing apples, pears, plums and citrus, and timber orchard shed. Important plantings near the homestead include three River Red Gums, a row of seven Dutch elms south of the homestead, between the store and bakehouse, an exceptionally large Monterey Cypress which is in a declining condition and a large, leaning Bunya Bunya Pine near the north west corner of the homestead. Part of the west and east sides of the homestead is covered in Virginia Creeper. The west lawn is planted with four Canary Island Date Palms, a uncommon Queensland Kauri, Bay Laurel, two Norfolk Island Hibiscus and a Claret Ash, Dutch Elm, and Silky Oak now in poor condition. The tennis court and lawn is enclosed on the east and south sides by Monterey Cypress, Monterey Pine, Golden Cypress and Sugar Gums. One of three outstanding River Red Gums in the park grows on the east side of the tennis court . The most extensive ornamental planting occurs between the homestead, drive and creek and also north of the creek. A decorative timber suspension bridge, which is located across Warrambine Creek in this area, is a rare garden structure in Victoria. The park (arboretum) has a number of contrasting conifers, including Monterey Cypress, Monterey Pine, Aleppo Pine, Canary Island Pine, Italian Cypress (two forms), two Hoop Pines, and Bunya Bunya Pine. A fine stand of Aleppo Pines grow south east of the manager’s cottage. Other trees in this area include Dutch Elm, Pepper Tree, Ironbark and other eucalypts. Directly north of the suspension bridge is a large and outstanding example of a Norfolk Island Hibiscus. Between the croquet lawn and creek is a row of seven Monterey Cypress, and to the east a very large Monterey Cypress, Monterey Pine and Atlantic Cedar, Glossy Privet, Japanese Spindlewood, Periwinkle, Aloe arborescens, and an old Olive tree to the south. A group of Agave Americana, Aloe arborescens and other succulents grow near the gate. There is a rare and large Phillyrea latifolia north of the homestead entrance and steps, a rare unknown Malus sp. (multi stemmed), a very rare coppiced Phillyrea angustifolia, and a rare but dying Juniperus excelsa. West of the path to the bridge is a large Bay Laurel and a Corynocarus laevigata and two seedlings occur to the east. The garden at the bluestone cottage to the east of the property has remnant Briar Rose and privet hedges , Bottlebrush, two Melaleuca styphelioides, two Cherry Plums, Crabapple, two Moonah trees along the south fence and many elm suckers. In the 1990s a golf course was developed at the property. This was planted with many trees including Gums, Paperbark, River Sheoak, Ash, Claret Ash, Golden Ash, Golden Elm, Pin Oak, Silver Birch, Monterey Cypress, Golden Cypress and Monterey Pines. These were planted in rows and as specimen trees. ARCHAEOLOGYBarunah Plains has the potential to contain historical archaeological features, deposits and artefacts relating to its settlement and use. The archaeological remains may include building foundations; occupation deposits; ceramic, glass and metal artefacts; and other material. INTEGRITY/INTACTNESSThe complex is largely intact with many outbuildings extant on the property. Significant fabric has been retained at the homestead and at a number of these outbuildings. A number of internal changes have been made to the configuration of the homestead since initial construction in 1866-67. The reconfiguring of the homestead as it was enlarged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has obscured the original plan form of the homestead, however the exterior indicates the broad development of the building. Other changes include an inappropriate addition to the south of the billiard room in the mid-late twentieth century. [January 2016] The integrity of the property is high and the heritage values are clearly evident and can be readily appreciated. Despite the homestead undergoing two substantial stages of development since initial construction in 1867, the present building clearly reflects the important pastoral phase of Barunah Plains. This is reinforced by the retention of a significant collection of outbuildings, many of which have had little change made to their fabric. The use of outbuildings such as the stables, woolshed, rams’ shed and engine house is readily discernible. [January 2016]. CONDITIONThe homestead and main outbuildings are in very good condition. This includes the stables, bakehouse and dairy, woolshed, manager’s cottage, rams’ shed, shearers’ quarters and engine house. Two cottages, one of bluestone and one of timber, are in poor condition however appear to be structurally sound. [January 2016]. COMPARISONSWestern District pastoral properties Many large pastoral properties were established in Victoria in the nineteenth century, including many in the Western District of the state. A number of these remain to reflect the prosperity of the colony from the 1850s and the fortunes made from farming. Although these properties have generally been reduced in size, they typically retain the main homestead (often added to over a period of time) and many retain collections of outbuildings and well established nineteenth and early twentieth century gardens and landscapes. Barunah Plains is an example of a large Western District pastoral property in Victoria. It has long associations with one pioneering family and retains an extensive collection of outbuildings. Little fabric of the once well established garden has been retained. On this basis, Barunah Plains can be compared to a number of large Western District pastoral properties which are included in the Victorian Heritage Register. These include the following: Titanga Homestead, Lismore (VHR H0299), associated with Currie family from1886-present Mawallok, Beaufort (VHR H0563), associated with Russell family from 1847-1980 Meningoort, Camperdown (VHR H0300), associated with McArthur family from 1837-present Purrumbete, Weerite (VHR H0301), associated with Manifold family from 1836-1983 Carranballac, Skipton (VHR H0424), associated with Chirnside 1850s, and owned by five generations for over 130 years) Merrang Homestead, Hexham (VHR H0322), associated with Hood family from 1856-present Glenormiston Homestead, Glenormiston (VHR H1611), associated with Black family from 1840s-1949 Gringegalgona Homestead, Gringegalona (VHR H1925) Moranghurk, Lethbridge (VHR H0266) Murndal Homestead, Tahara (VHR H0289) Narrapumelap Homestead, Wickliffe (VHR H0492), associated with Wyselaskie family 1840-1883 Kongbool, Balmoral (VHR H0361), associated with Fairbairn family from 1845 for 9 years Narada Homestead, Anakie (VHR H0282) Glenfine Homestead Precinct, Werneth (VHR H1206) Barwon Park, Winchelsea (VHR H0365). These properties are of historical significance for their association with the early pastoral settlement of Victoria, in particular the Western District, and often their long association with families where succeeding generations have made substantial contributions to Western District pastoral and civic affairs. The properties are associated with the heyday of the pastoral era in Victoria and the prosperity of the Western District pastoralists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. All of these places retain sufficient fabric to reflect these early pastoral settlement associations. Some retain collections of early buildings, including homesteads and outbuildings. Collections of early buildings remain at the following properties: Titanga Homestead, Lismore including homestead, cottage, woolshed Mawallok, Beaufort including homestead, original homestead complex, laundry, men's quarters, stables, coach house, manager's house, cottage, hut, blacksmiths shop, pump house, woolshed, meat house Meningoort , Camperdown including homestead, woolshed, stables Purrumbete, Weerite including homestead, coach house, dairy, manager’s house, cool house, cart shed, store, men’s stables, men’s quarters Caranballac, Skipton including homestead, men’s huts, timber cottage with dormer windows, woolshed, shearers’ quarters, octagonal dairy, meat houses, powder magazine, stables Moranghurk , Lethbridge including homestead, maids quarters, manager’s office, laundry, single men’s hut, grain store, fowl house, kennels, motor garage, stables, old manager’s house, dairy, meat house, shearers’ quarters, pump house, gatehouse Koogbool , Balmoral including homestead and garden, woolshed , brick storeroom, stables, buggy sheds and workshop. A number of Western District properties are included in the VHR for their architectural significance as fine examples of the work of a particular architect, as notable examples of a particular style or for their retention of intact interiors. These include: Notable examples of the work of particular architects: Davidson & Henderson at Titanga Homestead, Lismore and Narrapumelap, Wickliffe P S Richards at Kongbool, Balmoral Andrew Kerr at Merrang Homestead, Hexham John Young and Joseph Watts at Narada Homestead, Anakie H R Caselli at Glenfine Homestead Precinct, Werneth. Notable example of a particular style: Arts & Crafts at Mawallock, Purrumbete and Murndal Homestead – addition (Arts & Crafts) Italianate at Merrang Homestead and Gringegalona Homestead. Specific Examples 1 Titanga Homestead, Lismore (VHR H0299) Titanga, near Lismore, is located on the original Mt Elephant No 2 pastoral lease which was acquired by a number of Scottish squatters from 1840 onwards. Alexander Buchanan acquired the Titanga portion of the property when subdivision occurred in 1871. The following year local architects Davidson and Henderson were commissioned to design the Titanga homestead, cottage and woolshed. The property was sold to John Lang Currie in 1886 and by the mid-1890s Currie owned 80,000 acres of freehold land in this area. Titanga is a single storey bluestone homestead, with hipped slate roofs and a later verandah. It is of simple Italianate design. Eucalypts were planted by Buchanan and Currie to provide shelter for stock and this developed into an extremely large collections of eucalypts at the property. The homestead garden retains a number of features including the formal drive and turning circle, an arboretum along the drive, a formal garden, ornamental lake, shelter belts and specimen trees. Titanga is of historical, architectural, aesthetic and scientific significance at a state level . It is of historical significance for its demonstration of the early pastoral development of the Western District of Victoria and its long associations with the pioneering Currie family. It is of architectural significance as a notable example of the work of prolific architects Davidson and Henderson and for the demonstration of excellent craftsmanship in the execution of stonework. It is of aesthetic significance as a fine example of a nineteenth century homestead garden, further developed in the twentieth century and of scientific significance for its collection of eucalypts, one of the largest private collections in Australia.  
Titanga Homestead 2 Mawallok, Beaufort (VHR H0563) Mawallok was acquired by Alexander Russell in 1847 and remained in the Russell family until 1980. The pre-emptive right was granted in 1858 at which time the first wing of the house, woolshed, stables, overseer’s hut, dip and two dams had been built. The original homestead was extended in the 1860s with a bluestone wing and cellar. A new homestead was built in 1907-08 in the Arts and Crafts style to designs by Klingender and Alsop, and the garden laid out to a plan prepared by William Guilfoyle in 1909. The house was constructed in reinforced concrete and features distinctive elements such as dominant steep roofs with gables, dormers and tall chimneys, and internal timber staircase and gallery. Mawallok is of historical significance for its associations with the early pastoral settlement of Victoria and with the Russell family. The different phases of construction of the original homestead, the 1908 house and the 1909 garden demonstrate the development of a successful pastoral station and the retention of numbers of outbuildings, and the intactness of the house and garden, enhance the significance. The 1908 house at Mawollok is of architectural significance as an important example of the Arts and Crafts style and for its early use of concrete in residential work in Victoria. Mawallok is of aesthetic significance for the designed landscape and the involvement of William Guilfoyle.  
Mawallok
 
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