Legal Provisions
|
M
|
F
|
Child Protection Indicator
|
M
|
F
|
Definition of child (age)
|
no uniformly defined age for a child
|
Birth registration rates
|
17%
|
Child labor rates
|
21%
|
23%
|
Minimum age for work
(UNICEF, 2014)
|
14
|
Child marriage (under 18)
|
32% of women aged 20 - 24 years were first married before 18
|
Age of criminal responsibility
|
7
|
Children in detention
|
not available
|
Minimum age of marriage
|
no legislation
|
Children in institutional care (UNICEF 2014, est.)
|
77,000
|
Age of sexual consent
|
18
|
Children living or working on the streets (est.)
|
30,000
|
Children with disabilities
(9-2 year-olds, UNICEF)
|
25%
|
Children (0-17) orphaned
|
0.2%
|
International Convention
|
Year of adherence
|
International Convention
|
Year of adherence
|
Convention on the Rights of the Child
|
1991
|
ILO Minimum Age Convention
|
2000
|
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflicts
|
2007
|
Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor
|
2000
|
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
|
2004
|
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
|
1984
|
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
|
1972
|
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages
|
1987
|
National Laws and Policies
|
Law/Policy
|
Year
|
Law/Policy
|
Year
|
Constitution (under revision)
|
Ratified 1991, amended 2001
|
Law to Protect the Community from HIV
Infection and Protect the Rights of People Living
with HIV
|
2009
|
Children’s Rights Law
|
Reviewed in 2014, pending
|
Code of
Offences and Penalties
|
|
Criminal Prosecution Law (13)
|
1994
|
Criminal Code
|
1994
|
Labor Law Number 5
|
1995
|
Children's Act
|
2002
|
Juvenile Justice Law
|
1992
|
Amended social status Law Number 24
|
1999
|
Citizenship Law number 6
|
1990
|
|
|
Women and girls in Yemen face severe discrimination in law and in practice. A lack of legal protection leaves them exposed to domestic and sexual violence. The National Dialogue Conference (2013 - 2014) produced many recommendations to strengthen women's and girls' rights. In response, a draft Child Rights Law was submitted to the cabinet, which sets the minimum age for marriage at 18, and provides criminal penalties of between two months and one year in prison and a fine of up to $1,860 for any person who draws up a marriage contract knowing that at least one party is under 18. Any witnesses or signatories to the marriage contract, including the parents or guardians, who know that a party is under 18 face a prison sentence of between one and three months and a fine.2
Social and cultural norms related to child wellbeing and development
Yemen is a nation that is strongly bound by and protective of its traditional and religious beliefs and customs. This is true at a national, institutional, local and household level. Parents and community look at a child as an adult; so the child bears bigger responsibilities compared to his/her age. Children are often required to adhere to strict social norms while still developing physical and psychological maturity. Due to social acceptance and perceived necessity, children are required or obliged to assume adult responsibilities. There is a difficulty in recognizing children’s entitlement to special protection appropriate to their physical and psychological maturity. Yemen’s rich cultural heritage also means that such norms may vary regionally. The large local variations affect, for example, the practice and prevalence of FGM/C.3
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