Developments in home networks
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MethodologyThis report forms part of the ACMA’s annual research plan, available at www.acma.gov.au. Through its research, the ACMA is seeking to understand the:
This report draws on desktop research, information collection and ACMA analysis over the past year focusing on developments and trends in the home environment enabled by the migration to NGN technologies. The ACMA will continue to prepare reports of this nature and welcomes feedback. Home network environmentA new frontierModern home networks are part of an end-to-end chain of networks involved in the delivery of services. Content providers, telecommunications operators, internet service providers and access network providers are all part of the IP delivery chain referred to as Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Developing access network technologies such as DSL over copper and Ethernet over fibre have driven the IP evolution in the home network to enable the provision of next generation services. The home network environment is in transition from fragmented and dedicated networks carrying one or more analog or digital services to a unified IP-based network. These networks can interconnect a variety of IP-based devices predominantly designed for home entertainment, telecommunications and home automation systems. For example, the fixed telephony network may only carry voice, the wireless network may only carry data and a cable network may be used exclusively for video. Legacy networks in isolation are not able to deliver the full capabilities of digital multimedia services and devices. Figure 1 shows some of the existing and emerging services that can be realised by a transition to an IP-based network. The transition is also unlikely to be the same for all consumers due to the variations in home construction, density of occupancy and the types of services chosen. Consumer services to the home are undergoing significant change as high-speed connectivity, service portability and new multimedia services are made available in a home-networking environment. These changes are driven by rapid industry developments in access networks, the convergence of communications including broadcasting services, the emergence of multimedia services, and devices. Service providers face a new frontier as they are no longer constrained by the legacy access networks and are instead able to deliver multiple applications and services over a converged network. While there are benefits from technological improvements in home-based communications and entertainment products that enable service migration and innovation, consumers and industry will have an increased role in home network facilitation as a result.
Network and service delivery modelsCommunications networks today are changing from a fragmented vertically integrated model to a horizontal NGN model that share underpinning infrastructure layers.1 In a vertically integrated model, the network infrastructure and the communications delivered over that infrastructure are closely bundled as the whole service. The public switched telephone network (PSTN) telephony service is an example of vertical integration where the copper network, switching and transmission systems are dedicated to providing only voice telephony services. Figure 2 depicts the vertical model.
However, in the layered horizontal model, delivery infrastructure is shared among multiple end-users, services and service providers. Gains in network performance are possible due to the improved use of network resources such as capacity, footprint and availability. Service providers and users share the underlying infrastructure and transport mechanisms using a consistent IP network. The proposed NGN architecture is expected to reflect this model with the added functionality of high-speed transmission and managed quality of service (QoS). Figure 3 shows the horizontal model.
The deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology over the past decade has created a hybrid model in which data, telephony and limited IP video services can coexist on common copper access infrastructure. However, the services are split into their respective vertical networks at the local exchange. Home networks have generally reflected the available access networks environment, in which dedicated physical networks delivered dedicated services to the end-user. These networks are undergoing a transition, delivering both traditional single service and multiple IP-based services over a common physical infrastructure in the end user’s premises. This reduces the number and potential complexity of the individual networks required to deliver independent competing services. The transition to the use of a common physical home network is occurring by combining existing wiring, wireless radio links and emerging technologies such as broadband over power line (BPL) that uses the home mains wiring. Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between the access, service delivery and home networks in a converged environment.
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