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ETTİRGEN
I've got someone to have the car cleaned.
Will you please get the vacuum cleaner ..... while I'm away? A. repair
d) let + nesne + V = izin vermek Will you let me ask a question!
As a teacher, I never let my students ..... mother tongue in the classroom. A. having used B. to have used C. to use D. use E. using Let sözcüğünün bir diğer anlamı:
8.2. but / except İstisna belirten durumlarda but ve except sözcüklerinden sonra gelen yüklem to almadan kullanılır. She did everything but come to the point.
COMPARISON CLAUSE 1. EŞİTSİZLİK 1.1. ... than yapıları ( = Comparative) Sıfata "daha" niteliği kazandıran -er ve more eklenmesi ile oluşan yapılardır. sıfat + -er / more + sıfat + than She is more intelligent than she looks.
This year the political situation is ..... complicated than it used to be. A. more
C. the most D. so E. as Bu yapı Türkçeye "... -dEn daha + sıfat / belirteç" şeklinde aktarılır. Dikkat:
Actually, both these cars are wonderful, but I can't decide which one is ..... of them. A. as beautiful
1.2. rather than + sıfat / ad Bir kıyaslama tümcesi olmamasına karşın bu kullanım sık sık karıştırılmasından ötürü bu bölümde ele alınmaktadır. I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
Bu yapı Türkçeye "-dEn çok/ziyade" yapısı ile aktarılır. 1.3. more and more / -er ... -er "Gitgide", "daha da" anlamını katmak amacı ile kıyaslama yapısının tekrarlanması gerekmektedir. It is getting colder and colder.
She is becoming more and more aggressive.
1.4. more + ad More sözcüğü her zaman bir sıfatı nitelemez. Bazen bir adın niceliğinin belirtilmesinde de kullanılabilir. More people than ever leave their villages for a major city.
In general, I have _____energy in the evening ..... in the morning. A. as / as B. enough / than C. more / than D. so much / that E. the most / as 1.5. most ve -est yapıları ( = Superlative ) Sıfata "en" niteliği kazandıran most ya da -est yapılarının eklenmesi ile oluşturulur.
My biggest contribution is this monument.
As far as I am concerned, he must be just about ..... notorious lawyer we've ever had to deal with. A. so
Bu yapı Türkçeye "en + sıfat + ad" şeklinde aktarılır. 1.6. most + ad Ad ile kullanıldığı zaman most sözcüğü bir kıyaslama niteliği getirmemektedir. Most people do not care about the dangers of pollution.
Bu yapı Türkçeye "çoğu + ad" şeklinde aktarılır. 1.7. The + comparative, the + comparative The sooner you come the better (it is).
....., the more you realize how complicated it is. A. The more you think about the problem B. The less importance you give to your health C. The more remarkable his achievement was D. The longer it has taken them to complete the dam E. The fewer the people who are involved Bu yapı Türkçeye "ne kadar ... o kadar" ile aktarılır. 2. EŞİTLİK 2.1. as + sıfat / belirteç + as He is as tall as I am / me.
The new accountant we have recruited is not ..... efficient ..... the previous one. A. such/as B. so/that C. as/as D. either/or E. both/and Bu yapı Türkçeye "kadar" kullanılarak aktarılabilir. As yapısı birden fazla anlam için kullanılabilir. Ayrıntılı bilgi için parantez içinde verilen bölüme bakılması gerekmektedir. as well as He can't dance as well as me. (Comparison)
as long as My hair is as long as his. (Comparison)
as soon as I'll come in as soon as five minutes. (Comparison)
as far as I went as far as Istanbul. (Comparison)
İlginç bir kullanım:
2.2. the same + ad + as He earns the same (money) as me / I do.
Özellik:
When I joined the cocktail party, to my surprise, there were three other ladies wearing dresses with ..... colour ..... mine! A. as / as
3. YETERLİLİK VE FAZLALIK 3.1. Sıfat / belirteç + enough (for so.) to + yüklem The water is acidic enough to scare people.
The new staff we have recruited are, as far as I am concerned, qualified ..... to tackle this sort of crisis. A. enough
Bu yapı Türkçeye "- EcEk / - EbIlEcEk" ile aktarılır. 3.2. too + sıfat / belirteç (for so.) to + yüklem It is too heavy for me to lift.
I am ..... to do anything. A. as tired B. much tired C. the most tired D. tired enough E. too tired Bu yapı Türkçeye "yüklem + - EmEyEcEk kadar" ya da "yüklem + - EbIlEcEğIndEn çok / fazla" yapıları ile aktarılabilir. 4. MUCH / EVEN / FAR / A LOT / A LITTLE / A BIT / ALL THE + COMPARATIVE İngilizcede kıyaslamayı güçlendirmek amacı ile comparative yapının önüne çok ya da biraz anlamı taşıyan sözcükler yerleştirilebilir. Bu yapılar kendi başlarına kıyas oluşturamazlar. Yani, * He is much experienced than the rest of the applicants tümcesi hatalıdır. Doğru tümcenin He is much more experienced than the rest of the applicants
şeklinde olması gerekir. Bu yapılardan much, far, a lot, even, all the Türkçeye çok ile, a little ve a bit ise biraz/ bir parça ile aktarılabilir. 5. SO ... THAT / SUCH ... THAT
so + sıfat + (that) [1] so + belirteç + (that) [2] so + sıfat + a(n) + ad + (that) [3] so + many/much/few/little + ad + (that) [4] such ... that ise such + sıfat + ad + (that) [5] şeklinde oluşturulur. The problem was so difficult that we couldn't solve it. [1]
He spoke so eloquently that everybody congragulated him. [2]
It was so difficult a problem that we couldn't solve it. [3]
He has so many books that he can't remember how many. [4]
He gave such a wonderful speech that we were astounded. [5]
The storm broke out with ..... strength ..... it caused great damage within a few hours. A. the same/as B. as/as C. more/than D. such/that E. so/that The plan he proposed at the annual meeting was ..... humiliating ..... I couldn't help protesting. A. as / as
Bu yapılar Türkçeye "o ... kadar ki" şeklinde aktarılır. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
1. TANIM Time Clause yapılarda zaman uyumu kuralına dikkat etmek gerekir. Bu tümcelerde, ana tümce ile yan tümcede kullanılan tense uyumlu olmalıdır. Yani, PRESENT PRESENT I never forget to pray before I go to bed. PRESENTFUTURE She will be there when I arrive at the airport. PASTPAST When we got there, the film was over. Time Clause yapılarda zaman uyumu kuralına bir tek since uymamaktadır. PRESENT PAST I have known him since I left school. 2. TIME BEFORE 2.1. Until/Till
He worked patiently until he completed polishing. [1]
Until the war, they didn't know any poverty. [2]
Until ve by sözcüklerinden hangisinin kullanılacağı konusu çeviri ya da İngilizce yazma/konuşma esnasında bir tereddüt konusu olabilmektedir. Until belirli bir zamana kadar süren bir olay ya da durum için kullanılır. I have to keep writing until the end of next year.
By belirli bir zamanda ya da o zamandan önce oluşan bir olay için kullanılır. My book will be finished by the end of next year.
Burada belirtilmesi gereken önemli bir nokta da, by sözcüğünün zaman yapılarında bu tür kullanımında hiçbir zaman bir conjunction olarak kullanılamaması, yani, ardından bir S+V+(O) yapısının gelememesidir. I hadn't liked Spielberg's films ..... I watched his masterpiece "ET". A. after
The sailors decided that it was better to wait ..... . A. as they have heard the weather forecast.
2.2. Before
They left before the door was opened.
Before the geological age of a fossil can be established, ...... A. theory of evolution was not fully understood B. movements within the earth's crust have been measured C. the necessary equipment has been provided D. the measurements were not sufficiently accurate E. the evolutionary significance of the remains must be fully understood 2.3. By the time
They will have gone by the time we arrive.
Kullanım özelliği:
By the time something ..... to save them, whales ..... extinct before it is too late. A. had done/would have gone B. has been done/will go C. is done/will have gone D. was done/had gone E. will be done/have gone By ile by the time farkı:
3. SAME TIME 3.1. As
As she was walking down the road, she was hit by a lorry.
3.2. As long as / So long as
I'll love you as long as I live.
3.3. While/(Whilst) Bu sözcüklerden whilst çok resmi yapılarda kullanılabilir.
They came while I was sunbathing. [1]
While walking, he stumbled and fell. [2]
The secretary took notes ..... I explained her how to use the new software. A. before
3.4. When / Whenever
When I sleep I always snore. [1]
Please do your exercise when(ever) possible. [2]
Be careful when lifting this bag. [3]
She visits her parents whenever she finds time. [4]
When I last ..... Peter he ..... to be transfered to the firm's new factory. A. was seeing/had hoped
Dikkat:
When I ..... my last exam I ..... for, I plan to have a long holiday. A. had taken/studied B. have taken/have been studying C. take/study D. took/had been studying E. will take/am studying 3.5. Now that
Now that everybody is here, we can start the meeting.
3.6. Ving He came in shouting.
Bu yapıya benzer bir yapıda hiç yüklem kullanılmamaktadır: He came in drunk. (= When he came in he was drunk.) 3.7. During
During the storm, a lot of people hid in the cinema.
4. TIME AFTER 4.1. After
After he had seen the murder, he couldn't sleep whole night. [1]
After finishing his meal, Peter went to bed. [2]
After the riot, everything is calm and quiet. [3]
You will be responsible for the whole project ..... I've left, so now listen carefully! A. after
4.2. As soon as
As soon as she saw the poster, she burst out a laughter. [1]
As soon as leaving work, he rushes to the bar. [2]
Bir eş anlam:
4.3. Directly/Immediately Bu iki yapı da sık kullanılmaz.
She smiled immediately she heard the news.
İki eş anlam:
4.4. Once
Once I make make up my mind, nothing can stop me. [1]
Once signing this contract, you will have to obey the rules. [2]
4.5. Since
He feels much better since he completed his exams. [1]
We haven't gone out since visiting you. [2]
I've been typing since 12. [3]
I haven't had a single accident ..... I got my driving license almost ten years ago. A. after
4.6. When / Whenever Kullanım ve çeviri açısından yukarıda Same time başlığı altında ele alınan when / whenever ile aynıdır. 4.7. Now that Kullanım ve çeviri açısından yukarıda Same time başlığı altında ele alınan now that ile aynıdır. 4.8. No sooner ... than
No sooner had he left than he heard the explosion.
Çok önemli özellikler:
4.9. Hardly / Scarcely ... when Kullanım ve çeviri açısından No sooner ... than yapısı ile aynıdır. Çok önemli özellikler:
4.10. On, upon Ving başlığı altında (aşağıda 5 numaralı başlık) ele alınmaktadır. 4.11. (only) to ... Geçici bir durumu göstermek ve durumun ortaya çıkardığı sonucu ifade etmek için kullanılır. I rushed to the door to discover it was locked tümcesinde to discover yapısı in order to discover anlamı Download 3.22 Mb. Share with your friends:
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