Directions: Complete the sentences below using the correct
Part Three WORD-BUILDING (1)
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| Part Three WORD-BUILDING (1)
Directions: Read the texts below and decide what part of speech in A, B, C or D best fits each gap in the sentences. T  est 56
I (1) Egypt. In 305 BC Alexander's general Ptolemy became king of Egypt, and for almost 300 years his (2) , the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt. Although Ptolemy was Macedonian by birth and the Ptolemies remained (3)_ to Greek culture, they were (4) for one of the great
The Ptolemies did so to win (5) for their rule from their Egyptian (6) . The Ptolemaic dynasty ended when Cleopatn, queen of Egypt, (7) suicide after the Ro mans (8) her forces at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The Roman victory marked the end of ancient Egypt as an (9) power.
T   est 57
Although the Smithsonian Institution may seem an American enterprise, its (1) He in the bequest of an Englishman, Smithson, who never even visited the Unit ed States. In October 1826, James Smithson (2) his will, (3) his vast (4) to his nephew with one proviso: if the nephew died with no (5) , Smithson's estate was to be given "to the United States of America,, (6) at Washington, under the name of the Smithso nian Institution, an Establishment for the increase and (7) of knowledge among men". His nephew died, heirless, (8) than seven years after his uncle.
4. A fortunate C fortune B fortunated D fortunately
T  est 58
A number of individual diamonds have become (1) , (2) because of their size. The largest of all (3) diamonds is the Cullinan, which was discovered in South Africa in 1905 and was (4) to Edward VII, king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, by the government of the Transvaal. The Cullinan weighed 3,106 carats before cutting and was pronounced by crystallographers to be a fragment of a (5) larger stone. When the stone was cut, a total of 105 gems were produced, (6) 1,063 carats in all. The largest of these was a stone called the Star of Africa, the biggest cut dia mond in (7) , and now set in the British (8) scepter.
B primary D primarily
B existing D existence 8. A royally C royalty B royal D royals T  est 59
(1) to tradition, the first American Thanksgiving was (2) in 1621 by the English Pilgrims who had founded the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrims marked the (3) by (4) with their Native American guests who brought gifts of food as a gesture of goodwill. Al though this event was an important part of American colo nial history, there is no (5) that any of the (6) thought of the feast as a thanksgiving celebration. Two years later, during a period of drought, a day of fasting and prayer was changed to one of thanksgiving because rains came during the prayers. (7) the custom (8) among New Englanders to (9) celebrate Thanksgiving after the harvest. 1. A Accordingly C According B Accordance D Accordant
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During an (1) 700 years ago, the England's King Edward I took the 181 kg Stone of Destiny from central
make a (4) noise if the person sitting on it was of royal (5) , and it would remain (6) if the person was not of royal family. (7) for a brief period of time, the stone has remained under the coronation (8) at Westminster Abbey in London, England, for the last     700 years. (9) English and British monarch has been
crowned on the Stone of Destiny since Edward brought it to Westminster Abbey in 1296.
B silence D silencing 7. A Exception C Except B Excepting D Excepted
T  est 61
The ancient games are athletic contests and other types of public (1) that were a (2) of the religious and social life of ancient Greece and Rome. The Roman games (3) radically from the Greek games in several respects. In Greece the people were often (4) , whereas in Rome they were mere spectators, and only professional athletes, slaves, and (5) usually took part. Also, the Greek games (6) for their entertainment (7) chiefly on (8) among athletes, whereas the Roman games were often characterized by the staging of battles (9) to the death and (10) large numbers of human beings and also beasts.
B featuring D featureless 3. A differed C differ B different D difference 4. A participation C parts B participants D participate
9 A fighting C fightingly B fighter D fought   10. A involvement C involved
B involving D involve T est 62
Cereals are various species of the grass family, (1) for their seed, which is used as food. The name is (2) from Ceres, the Roman goddess of grains and agriculture. Although the cereals do not belong to any (3) tribe of the grasses, the use of particular species as bread plants seems to have been determined chiefly by the (4) size of the seed or by the (5) of obtaining it in (6) quantity and of freeing it from its (7) covering. The most (8) cultivated grains are wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn or maize. These have all been cultivated since ancient times. Maize is the only grain that (9) in America; the others were developed in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
B easily D easement 6. A suffice ' C sufficiency B sufficient D sufficiently 7. A edible C eat B edibly D edibility 8. A extensively C extent B extensive D extensible 9. A origin C origination B original D originated T  est 63
Periodic floods (1) naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as the (2) plain. These river floods often result from heavy rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow their banks; a flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no (3) warning is called a flash flood. Flash floods are usually caused by (4) rainfall over a (5) small area. Coastal areas occasionally are flooded by unusually high tides (6) by (7) winds over ocean surfaces, or by tsunamis caused by
have other (9) as well. 1. A occurred C occur B occurrence D occurring 2. A flow C flowed
B intense D intensely      5. A relative C relate
B relativity D relatively
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Although several cane-cutting machines have been used with some (1) , most of the sugarcane in the world is (2) by hand. The cutting instrument most common- ly used (3) of a large steel blade 50 cm (4) and about 13 cm (5) , (6) with a small hook on the back, and set into a wooden handle. Cane is cut at or near the surface of the ground, stripped of its leaves by the knife hook, and trimmed at the top near the last (7) joint. The cane is then piled in rows along the ground until picked up by hand or machine, tied in bun
1. A succeed C success B successful D succeeding 2. A harvesting C harvested B harvester D harvest
B widen D widening
B grinding D grindable T est 65
Quebec has several problems with (1) . Because of its location at the northeast corner of North America, winds from the southwest carry pollution to the (2) . Acid rain has (3) damaged (4) lakes and some forestlands, with maple trees the hardest hit. About half of the sulfur compounds that (5) acid rain originate at power plants and industrial sites in the United States, a
the (8) of the water. 1 A pollute C polluting B polluted D pollution        2. A provincialism C province
B provincial D provincially
B addition D added 7. A enforced C force B forcing D enforce 8. A qualitative C qualifying B quality D qualify T A is projected at night, or which serves as a marker by day, (2) ships (3) in coastal waters. Light houses are constructed at important points on a coast line, at (4) to harbours and estuaries, on rocky ledges or reefs, on islands, and even in the water. Light houses help (5) a ship's location, warn ships of (6) hazards, and (7) them that land is (8) . Lighthouses differ from smaller beacons in that a light
Today, however, most lighthouses use automatic elec tric lights that do not (10) a full-time resident op erator.
B entrant D entered
T est 67
In 1963 the ZIP (Zoning Improvement Program) code system was (1) to simplify the patterns and (2) of mail (3) . The ZIP code is a five-digit number used on the last line of the address (4) the name of the city
of the ten main geographical areas into which the United States and its (6) are (7) . The next four digits mark off (8) farther by subdividing the main area; the first three digits together (9) a sectional or metropol
or branch post office. Use of ZIP codes is (12) .
B localities D localized
B voluntarily D voluntarism T est 68
The first globes were built by ancient Greeks. The earliest known globe was said to have been (1) by the (2) Crates about 150 BC. An ancient celestial globe that still (3) was made about 150 AD as part of a (4) , called the Farnese Atlas, in the Naples Museum, Italy. The oldest (5) terrestrial globe was built in Germany, in 1492. This globe does not show the Americas. As new (6) were discovered in the 16th and 17th centuries, globes became more (7) . The world's largest globe is the Unisphere, which was built for the 1964 New York World's Fair. This (8) steel globe is 37 m (9) and weighs 408,000 kg, including its base.
B scholarly D scholastic
B sculpture D sculptural 5. A existing C exists B existed D existence
B landless D landed
B stained D stainless 9. A cross C crossing B crossed D across T est 69
The Louvre, the national art museum of France and the palace in which it is (1) , is located in Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a (2) of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It (3) the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546. (4) were made to the structure during the (5) of almost every French (6) . Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grande Galerie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was (7) . By the mid-19th century the vast complex was built; (8) more than 19 hectares, it is a masterpiece of architectural design. 1. A house C housed B home D homeland
T est 70
Children's games are recreational (1) especially enjoyed by children. Any attempt (2) them is diffi
of skill and those of chance, games (4) indoors or outdoors, and games for one child alone or for two or
the game progresses (and often prefaced with the sug gestion, "Let's (7) "). Word games and guessing games — (8) lotto, questions, and charades — are also popular.
B spontaneity D spontaneousness
T est 71
Scarlet fever is an (1) disease, caused by bacteria, which usually enter the body through the nose or mouth; it is
The typical (3) symptoms of the disease are head ache, sore throat, chills, fever, and general malaise. From two to three days after the first appearance of symptoms, red spots may appear on the palate; bright red papilla (4) on the tongue, giving it an appearance commonly called strawberry tongue. A characteristic skin eruption appears on the chest and usually spreads over the entire body except the face. The rash fades on pressure. The fever, which frequently runs as high as 40° to 40.6°C, generally lasts only a few days but may (5) to a week or longer. The rash usually fades in (6) a week, and at that time the skin begins to peel. Scarlet fever may be (7) by other diseases, for example, by pneumonia. Since the (8) of penicillin, however, most instances of scarlet fever can be (9) without the (10) of permanent after-effects. 1. A infectious C infect B infection D infected 2. A affection C affects B affected D affecting
B cured D cureless 10. A occurrence C occurred B occur D occurring      Test 72
The Great Depression in the United States, the worst and longest (1) collapse in the history of the modern industrial world, lasted from the end of 1929 until the early 1940s. Beginning in the United States, the depression spread to most of the world's industrial countries, which in the 20th century had become economically (2) on one another. The Great Depression saw rapid declines in the production and sale of goods and a sudden, severe rise in (3) . Businesses and banks closed their doors, people lost their jobs, homes, and savings, and many depended on (4) to (5) , In 1933, at the worst point in the depression, more than 15 million Americans — one-quarter ef the nation's workforce — were unemployed. The depression was caused by a number of serious (6) in the economy. Although the 1920s appeared on the surface to be a (7) time, income was unevenly distributed. The wealthy made large profits, but more and more Americans spent more than they (8) , and farm ers faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering effects of World War I caused economic problems in many coun tries, as Europe struggled to pay war debts and repara tions. These problems (9) to the crisis that began the Great Depression: the (10) U.S. stock market crash of 1929, which ruined thousands of investors and destroyed (11) in the economy. Continuing throughout the 1930s, the depression ended in the United States only when (12) spending for World War II began.
B massiveness D massive T est 73
Periodicals are publications released on a (1) basis that feature articles, poems, stories, and other types of writing. Many periodicals also (2) __ photographs and drawings. Periodicals that are aimed at a general
as publications of (4) organizations, can be termed journals. (5) , the difference between periodicals and news papers has been a matter of format, publication sched ule, and content. Most newspapers deal with the news of the day and are (6) daily on pulp paper with relative ly large, unbound pages. Periodicals focus on more (7) material, and when they deal with the news they tend do so in the form of (8) or commentaries. For centurie periodicals generally (9) on finer paper than newspa pers, with smaller (10) pages, and at intervals long
In the 1990s, with the (11) of the Internet, publishers began to release newspapers and periodicals on
two forms because the general format of online newspa pers and periodicals is (13) , and the publication sched ule of both forms became more (14) . For example. many newspaper publishers update their online versions throughout the day, and some online periodicals do the same Despite these technological changes, the two forms differing emphasis in choice of content remains a (15) factor.
4. , A scholarly C scholarship B scholar D scholastic
B growing D grown 12. A blur C blurry B blurring D blurred 13. A similarity C similar B similarly D similize 14. A flex C flexibility 15. A distinguish C distinguished B distinguishing D distinguisher     Test 74
Throughout history, people have been (1) by life underwater, and the Professional Association of Dive In
worldwide. They (3) in many different types of div ing, of which wreck, cave, (4) , and military diving are just a few. The most common form of diving is sport diving, or (5) diving, which is practiced at depths of less than 130 ft. From these depths, divers can make a (6) ascent to the surface. Diving beyond this limit requires (7) training. Because popular dive sites such as coral reefs and wrecks are (8) not near land, most diving is done from boats. In some locations, however, divers can enter the watei
they will descend. While the divers are underwater, at least one person serves as a spotter by remaining on the boat or on shore. All groups, whether diving from a boat or from shore, are (10) to fly a diver down flag (a red flag with a white diagonal slash) to alert boaters that people are underwater. In general, divers seek locations where the water is clear, the temperatures warm, and the marine life (11) . Divers often choose to visit areas with coral reefs because they are colourful and (12) with life, and provide shelter for many types of fish. The Caribbean is the most popular (13) in the world. Parts of the region are designated as marine parks or sanctuaries. Because they are protected from fishing and other human activity, these locations boast abundant aquatic plant and animal life. Similar protected areas (14) throughout the world, and the South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea are common dive destinations.
B recreate D recreational
B type D typifying 9. A deep C depth B deeply D deepen 10. A require C requirement B required D requiring 11. A plenty C plentiful B plenteously D plentifully 12. A densely C densing B density D dense
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The Canary Islands or Canaries is the group of is lands, the (1) region of Spain, in the Atlantic Ocean, off the north-western coast of Africa, (2) the provinces of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Their capitals are, (3) , Las Palmas on Grand Canary and Santa Cruz de Tenerife on Tenerife Island; the cities also serve as dual and (4) capitals of the region. The chief islands of the group, in (5) order of size, are Tenerife, Fuerteventura, the (6) to the African mainland, Grand Canary, Lanzarote, La Palma, Gomera, and Hierro. In addition, several barren islets are (7) in the group The Canary Islands are of volcanic (8) and are noted for their scenery and mild, dry climate, which makes them an ideal site for astronomical (9) . Precipitation (10) mainly during the winter season. In areas below. about 400 m elevation, the (11) is typically northern African; characteristic (12) are the date palm, dragon tree, and cactus. Growing at higher levels are laurels.
The islands have no rivers, however, and severe drought.' are common; (14) irrigation is therefore a (15) in most cultivable areas. Among important crops are bananas, citrus fruits, sugar cane, peaches, figs, wine grapes, grain, tomatoes, and potatoes. (16) products include textiles and fine (17) . (18) is also impor tant, and the islands are a (19) winter-resort area.
B original D originally 9. A observer C observed B observation D observational 10. A occurrence C occurred B occurs D occurring 11. A vegetable C vegetables B vegetation D vegetate 12. A vary C various B varied D varieties
B fertilize D fertilized
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(1) lighthouse is 
