Figure 1.1 Yearly Graduation of Mechanical Engineering Students 4
Figure 2.1 Disruptive Technology in the Classroom 27
Figure 2.2 Scan Tools for Automobile Workshop Training 29
Figure 2.3 Rapid Disruptive Technologies. 31
Figure 2.4 AI Car Designerr 36
Figure 2.5 AI for the Automotive Industry 36
Figure 2.6 Autonomous Robots 38
Figure 2.7Autonomous mobile robots 38
Figure 2.8 Smart sensors in automotive 39
Figure 2.9 AI with Smart sensors reshaping the automobile industry. 39
Figure 2.10 Vehicle under simulation for aerodynamic capabilities 40
Figure 2.11 The Disruptive Model; adopted from Terry Heick, 2021 and modified
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Figure 2.12 Future vehicles will have more advanced technology 44
Figure 2.13 Technology transforming engineering training in classroom 49
Figure 2.14 Integrated of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB) 52
Figure 2.15 Feedback Loop Between Industry 4.0 And Engineering Education 55
Figure 2.16 Research Framework 63
Figure 2.17 Brands of Kantanka vehicles manufactures in Ghana 66
Figure 3.1 The map of Ghana and the location of the TUs within the study area 67 Figure 3.2 Triangulation data collection method 80
Figure 4.1 Structural model predicting attitude of students towards technology 183 Figure 4.2 Structural model predicting mode of teaching 191
Figure 4.3 Structural model predicting lecturers’ digital technology acceptance192
Appendix 1: Research Instruments for Students to Address Objective 1 314
Appendix 2: Research Instruments for Lecturers to Address Objective 1 321
Appendix 3: Research Instruments for Lecturers to Address Objective 4 330
Appendix 4: Interview questions for experts in the Mechanical engineering Industry in Ghana 333
Appendix 5: Interview Questionnaire for Policymakers at the Ghana Commission for Technical Vocational Training CTVET and Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) 336
Appendix 6: Lecturers Focus Group Discussion 338
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION