Domestic violence in albania: a national population-based survey



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*Note: Comparison percentages are based upon valid percents and do not reflect missing cases.


Appendix Table 40. Physical violence by urban vs. rural residence




N=970



Test of Significance

Residence

Rural

Urban

Physical violence

n

%

n

%

χ2

Sign.

Yes

313

67.5

259

51.2

26.49

.00

No

151

32.5

247

48.8

Hit with objects



















Yes

76

16.4

51

10.1

8.44

.00

No

388

83.6

455

89.9

Slapped, punched, kicked



















Yes

308

66.4

255

50.4

25.39

.00

No

156

33.6

251

49.6

*Note: Comparison percentages are based upon valid percents and do not reflect missing cases.


Appendix Table 41. Types of abuser by child’s gender




N=634



Test of Significance

Gender

Male

Female

Father/step-father

n

%

n

%

χ2

Sign.

Yes

180

52.0

110

38.2

12.11

.00

No

166

48.0

178

61.8

Mother/step-mother



















Yes

239

69.1

208

72.2

.75

.22

No

107

30.9

80

27.8

Sister/Brother



















Yes

120

34.7

122

42.4

3.93

.03

No

226

65.3

166

57.6

Grandparent



















Yes

19

5.5

17

5.9

.05

.48

No

327

94.5

271

94.1

Close family



















Yes

15

4.3

12

4.2

.01

.54

No

331

95.7

276

95.8

Other family



















Yes

6

1.7

8

2.8

.79

.27

No

340

98.3

280

97.2

*Note: Comparison percentages are based upon valid percents and do not reflect missing cases.


Appendix Table 42. Help-seeking behaviors of abused children by type of domestic violence




Help-seeking behaviors for domestic violence


Test of Significance

Yes

No

Physical violence

n

%

n

%

χ2

Sign.

Yes

305

53.3

267

46.7

.22

.37

No

35

56.5

27

43.5

Hit with objects



















Yes

82

64.6

45

35.4

7.64

.00

No

258

50.9

249

49.1

Slapped, punched, kicked



















Yes

301

53.5

262

46.5

.05

.46

No

39

54.9

32

45.1

Burnt with cigarettes



















Yes

1

25.0

3

75.0

1.33

.26

No

339

53.8

291

46.2

Threatened with a weapon



















Yes

1

25.0

3

75.0

1.33

.26

No

339

53.8

291

46.2

*Note: Comparison percentages are based upon valid percents and do not reflect missing cases.


Appendix Table 43. Help-seeking behaviors of abused children by child’s gender




N=634







Help-seeking behaviors for domestic violence


Test of Significance

Yes

No

Gender

n

%

n

%

χ2

Sign.

Male

166

48.0

180

52.0

9.78

.00

Female

174

60.4

114

39.6

Residence



















Urban

145

48.0

157

52.0

7.31

.00

Rural

195

58.7

137

41.2

*Note: Comparison percentages are based upon valid percents and do not reflect missing cases.


1 Law no. 9669, dated 18 December 2006.

2 The Office for Monitoring Prosecution Actions maintains that among the registered cases in the Tirana District Court between 2000 and 2004, most cases reviewed by this court were for battering (47%), non-serious intentional injury (19.6%), and threat (15.8%).

3 Law no.8876, dated 4 April 2002.

4 Law Nr. 9180 dated March 2, 2004.

5 In keeping with the UN CRC, a child is any person under 18 years of age.

6 The DHS survey documents and questionnaires, specifically the Module on Domestic Violence, were the main source.

7 The Network Against Human Trafficking and Domestic Violence was established in 1998 and includes Refleksione, the Counseling Center for Women and Girls, the Center for Legal Civic Initiatives, the Gender Alliance for Development Center, and the Shelter for Women and Girls.

8 Albania is unique in that many families illegally keep weapons in their home. In Albania there are an estimated 400,000 weapons in homes; this is in comparison to 300,000 weapons in homes in Kosovo and 2,300,000 weapons in homes in Serbia.


9 2001 Census data was used to select the clusters. Census enumeration areas were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs) and were selected from each of the sampling domains using PPS-systematic procedures. The number of households in the PSU was used as a measure of size. The first stage of sampling was completed by selecting the required number of enumeration areas from each of the urban and rural areas separately.

10 INSTAT had a qualified team of data collectors or interviewers, so most of the interviewers utilized in this research project were employed by INSTAT.

11 Interviewers were trained to help interviewees correctly recall violent events by juxtaposing them around other big events (e.g., birth of a child, important family event or holiday, or moving to a new place).

12 For each type of violence, a new variable was created to determine whether women ever experienced each type of violence – emotional abuse, psychological abuse, physical violence, and sexual violence – in their lifetime.



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