Draft regulation Impact Statement for Underrun Protection a draft statement inviting discussion and comments from parties affected by the proposed heavy commercial vehicle safety initiative January 2007 Report Documentation Page
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- Table 3: Estimate of the type of heavy commercial vehicle under- run crashes involving a car or motorcycle or bicycle as function of injury severity
- Rigid Heavy Commercial vehicles Injury Front
- Articulated Heavy Commercial vehicles Injury Front
- All Heavy Commercial vehicles Injury Front
- Table 4: Estimate of the annual cost of heavy commercial vehicle underrun crashes (a) Cost arising from underrun trauma (personal injury only)
- Rigid Trucks Injury Front Side
- Articulated Trucks Injury Front Side
- All Trucks Injury Front Side
- (b) Cost arising from other than underrun trauma (property damage, heavy commercial vehicle immobility etc only)
Economic Cost of the ProblemRoad crashes generally give rise to spill over costs which are spread across the parties involved in the crash, other road users and owners of public and private property. Fatal injuries arising from crashes present a public health problem to Australian governments, as those involved initially draw scarce medical resources away from other uses, and a significant part of the cost of such resources falls on the public through the taxation system. Those injured may suffer a loss in the quality of life and need access to disability services and facilities, which also pose a burden on the taxation and social welfare systems. Other costs to road users include extended travel time, which increases in heavily congested urban areas, and damage to vehicles and propertyiii. These costs can be even more significant where the road crash involves an underrun type of collision with a heavy commercial vehicle. Fatalities and injuries can be expected to have a greater mean severity due to greater occupant space intrusion by the heavier vehicle, and the reduced (or non-) engagement of the lighter vehicle’s energy absorbing structures. Operators of heavy commercial vehicles also suffer losses through deterioration of perishable product, as heavy commercial vehicles involved in the crash may need to wait for traffic police to investigate the crash. In congested areas, overall heavy commercial vehicle movement may be severely limited leading to increased losses to road freight operators. The annual economic cost of the problem in terms of heavy commercial vehicle underrun fatalities, serious and minor injuries was estimated for the period 1990-1999iv. The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), who provided the base data, define heavy commercial vehicle underrun as “vehicles running underneath heavy rigid or articulated trucks. In the case of motorcycle and bicycles the rider must still be on the vehicle when it “ran” under the truck”. Table 3 identifies the number and distribution of underrun crashes using 1990-1996 data and 2002 estimates, which Table 4 then further applies to 1990-1999 detailed data. The result is a summary of the annual cost of fatal, serious and minor injuries from front, rear and side underrun crashes between heavy commercial vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) greater than 7.5 tonnes, passenger cars, motorcycles and bicycles. Costs for pedestrian trauma due to underrun were not available. The costs (in 1995$) for a fatal, serious and minor injury are based on estimates prepared by the Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics and which are $1.5m, $0.325m and $0.010m respectively (BTE 2000). The average costs (in 1995$) of a fatal crash, serious crash and minor crash are $1.7m, $0.41m and $0.014m respectively (BTE 2000). The difference in costs of a crash and an injury provides an estimate for the non-trauma cost which consists of property damage, heavy commercial vehicle immobility and traffic stoppages. The estimated cost (in 2005$) of heavy commercial vehicle underrun trauma is $266 million and non-trauma is $71 million resulting in a total cost of $337 million. This estimation may be conservative, due to under-estimating and under-reporting of underrun crashes. Table 3: Estimate of the type of heavy commercial vehicle under- run crashes involving a car or motorcycle or bicycle as function of injury severity
Source: FCD 1996-1999 Fatalities from FCD database, Serious injuries estimated from Haworth et al (2002) and NSW, VIC and QLD databases, Minor injuries estimated from Haworth et al (2002) Table 4: Estimate of the annual cost of heavy commercial vehicle underrun crashes (a) Cost arising from underrun trauma (personal injury only)
Source: FCD, NSW, Victoria and Queensland crash statistics (b) Cost arising from other than underrun trauma (property damage, heavy commercial vehicle immobility etc only)
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