Economic Valuation of the National Park Service Phase 1a Report



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Table A3. Details of National Park Service Valuation Studies

Study

Type of values

Scope of survey

Method

Payment vehicle

WTP question format

Survey mode

Who was surveyed

Sample size

Response rate

Choi & Marlow 2012

TEV

Single unit

Other

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Douglas & Harpman 2004

Use, passive use

Single unit

CVM

Entrance fee/pass

Dichotomous choice

In person

Visitors

1498

50%

Duffield et al. 2010

Use

Single unit

CVM

Travel cost, entrance fee

Payment card, dichotomous choice

In person

Visitors

1512

64%

Heberling & Templeton 2009

Use

Single unit

TCM

Travel cost

NA

Combination (mail back survey distributed in person)

Visitors

314

76%

Kaval & Loomis 2003

Use

Multiple units

Meta-analysis

NA

NA

NA

NA

1239 values (200 papers)

NA

Kerkvliet et al. 2002

Use

Single unit

TCM

Travel cost

Dichotomous choice

Combination (mail back survey distributed in person)

Visitors

386

35%

Leggett et al. 2003

Use

Single unit

CVM

Entrance fee

Payment card, dichotomous choice

In person (self-administered, collected onsite)

Visitors

854

90%

Parsons et al. 2009

Use

Single unit

TCM, reported trips

NA

NA

Combination (phone recruit, mail form, collect

data by phone)



Households

1012

87%

Richardson & Loomis 2004

Use

Single unit

Contingent visitation

NA

NA

Combination (mail back survey distributed in person)

Visitors

1266

76%

Schulze et al. 1983, 1985

Use, passive use,

Multiple units

CVM

Higher electric bills

Payment card

In person

Households

600

Not reported

Turner & Willmarth 2009

Passive use

Single unit

Contingent choice

Tax

Contingent ranking

Internet

Individuals

240

Not reported

Welsh et al 1997

Passive use

Single unit

CVM

Tax, higher electric bill

Dichotomous choice

Mail

Households

5950

66%-Nat’l, 75%-mkt



1 The Mission of the National Park Service: “The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world.” (http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/mission.htm)

2 All program information is from “National Park Service Programs: A Companion Volume to NPS Management Policies” (this is a draft in the process of being finalized, we will update the information as necessary once the document is final), and from the NPS website.



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