Electric vehicle
Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Second Edition1.1
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| 2 Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Second Edition 1.1 A Brief History 1.1.1 Early Days Electric motors developed following Michael Faraday’s work in 1821. The first commutator-type direct current electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in The first known electric locomotive was builtin by the chemist Robert Davidson, and was by powered by non-rechargeable batteries. Davidson later built a larger locomotive which was exhibited at the Royal Scottish Society of Arts Exhibition in 1841. The first use of electrification on a mainline was on a 4 mile (6.4 km) stretch of the Baltimore Belt Line in the USA in 1895. Figure 1.1 shows the locomotive. Electric trams or trolley cars were first experimentally installed in St Petersburg, Russia, in 1880. The first regular electric tram service, the Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway, went into service in Lichterfelde, a suburb of Berlin, Germany, and was produced by Siemens & Halske AG, in May The first electric street tramway in Britain, the Blackpool Tramway, was opened on September 1885. By the start of the First World War trams were used in many cities throughout the world. Figure 1.2 shows a tram in London in The trolleybus dates back to 29 April 1882, when Dr Ernst Werner ran his bus in a Berlin suburb. In 1901 the world’s first passenger-carrying trolleybus operated at Bielathal, near Dresden, in Germany. In Britain, trolleybuses were first put into service in Leeds and Bradford in Half a century was to elapse after the first electric vehicles before batteries had developed sufficiently to be used in commercial free-ranging electric vehicles. An early electric vehicle, a Baker Runabout, made in the USA and imported into Germany by the founder Figure 1.1 Electric locomotive, 1895 (Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotive) |