Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (erm); Technical characteristics of Radio equipment to be used in the 76 ghz to 77 ghz band; System Reference Document for Short-Range Radar to be fitted on road infrastructure
Regulatory Environment. 5.4 Market Size and Societal Benefits
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- 6 Co-existence with Vehicular Radars
- 6.2 Results of SEAMCAT Study
- 7.1 Results of Technical Discussion
- 8 Future Requirements 8.1 Alternative Frequency Bands
5.3 Regulatory Environment.5.4 Market Size and Societal Benefits5.4.1 Automatic Incident DetectionManaged motorway programs are currently in operation within the UK, Sweden, Netherlands and Germany, each maintaining between 200-300 km. Casualties per billion vehicle miles travelled have reduced by just under two-thirds (61 per cent) since hard shoulder running was introduced. Managed motorways offer increased capacity, at a fraction of the cost, and can be delivered in a much shorter timeframe. Fatal Incidents within tunnels in particular have raised concerns about current safety systems, and within EC law, it is mandatory in all tunnels longer than 500m to install automatic incident detection and/or fire detection. The Trans-European Transport Network [TEN- T] is set to encompass 90,000 km of motorway and high-quality roads by 2020 and the EU will eventually have a role in the safety management of these roads.
5.4.2 EnforcementEnforcement, leading to behaviour change of drivers and pedestrians, is an important part of the regulators’ strategy to reduce the number of fatalities at level crossings. Fixed radar systems, tracking vehicles as they drive towards the crossing after red warning lights have been illuminated, are an important tool to improve rail safety. Some 200 initial sites have been identified by Network Rail as requiring railway crossing enforcement systems. 5.4.3 Anti collisionAnti -collision radar systems for cranes and bulk loaders significantly reduce the risk of injury to personnel. Damage to expensive equipment is also avoided, as are the costs involved in machine down time, which can be in the order of US$ 1m per hour. 6 Co-existence with Vehicular Radars6.1 Compatibility ScenariosThe interference mechanism between fixed infrastructure radar and vehicular based radar should be less problematic than between different vehicular radar. In particular, when multiple vehicles approach each other, vehicular radar are located at the same vertical height and are able to mitigate any interference effects successfully. In such a situation, where many vehicles are densely packed on small sections of road, the opposing vehicles are said to not interfere by the radar manufacturers. Surveillance radar operating near road infrastructure radar devices are typically mounted well above the carriageway. The fixed radar beam boresight runs parallel to, but above the road surface further limiting the chance that fixed and vehicular radar should interfere with each other. Fixed radars are mechanically scanning and illuminate the highway with a low duty cycle. The actual duty cycle depends on the antenna beamwidth in azimuth and is typically 1 in 200 . The radar boresight scans a horizontal plane parallel to the road surface. Typically update rate is 2 times per second.
6.3 Discussion7 Co-existence with the Radio Astronomy Service7.1 Results of Technical DiscussionThe results of discussions with CRAF (representing the interests of the RAS) are presented in Annex E. There are 8 RAS sites in Europe that are potentially affected. Initial studies indicate that an exclusion zone around each one of 40 km radius will protect the RAS. Mitigation techniques such as sector blanking have the capability of reducing the exclusion zone to 10 km radius. 7.2 Proposed PolicyThe proposal is that the installation requirements for infrastructure radars contain a requirement that any installation within 40 km of one of a set of listed locations will require special consideration. 8 Future Requirements8.1 Alternative Frequency BandsThe 76 to 77GHz band has been designated for fixed infrastructure radar usage on the road network since 1998. Devices operating at this frequency have several advantages for Transport and Traffic Telematics. These include: Allowing high resolution measurements to be made, without overly large or cumbersome antenna. Larger antenna cannot practically be installed on roadside infrastructure. Only with high resolution can the location of vehicles on a highway be accurately made. Components are widely available; meaning the advantages of these products can be made available without an excessive price tag associated. Devices operating do not suffer from excessive atmospheric attenuation. This means that measurements can be made over several hundred meters and fewer installed devices are needed. Figure 1 The band offers 1 GHz of bandwidth, allotting high resolution measurements to be made and accurate measurement of the detected objects can be used to track their progress over time. 
Figure 1 Atmospheric absorption of millimetre waves Directory: erm -> ermtgsrr -> 70-Draft -> TGSRR66 erm -> Casagras and The Internet of Things Introduction TGSRR66 -> Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (erm); Technical characteristics of Radio equipment to be used in the 76 ghz to 77 ghz band; System Reference Document for Short-Range Radar to be fitted on fixed transport erm -> Not for private enterprises Download 1.81 Mb. Share with your friends:
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