End-of-term evaluation
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- 3. Consent and Ethics
- 4. Methodology and Approach
2. Aims and ObjectivesThe protocol outlines the methods that will be applied to key affected populations (KAP) in the qualitative enquiry that will contribute to the overall assessment of the following critical evaluation questions: 1. Do the goals and strategic objectives of the NSP address the needs of key populations? 2. To what extent have the strategic objectives been achieved through programme implementation? 3. Have the programme objectives of the national response been achieved, if not why? 4. How have resources been utilized in the implementation of the NSP? 3. Consent and Ethics3.1 Consent Verbal consent will be sought from individual participants before FGDs commence. Verbal consent customarily is a more acceptable and less threatening method for participants who are members of highly stigmatized groups, who are often concerned with the potential for confidentiality breaches of sensitive private information. A consent script outlining the purpose of the evaluation, the methods being employed, how confidentiality will be assured (all data will be anonymous) and the use of the data will be shared. For participating adolescents under the age of 18 years, a parental consent script (verbal) will also be used along with an assent script. However in all instances the rights of individuals to determine their own participation in the evaluation will be encouraged and respected, regardless of their age, social or legal status. (See Appendix I-Consent Forms) 3.2 Ethics As the evaluation is a component of the monitoring and evaluation component of the NSP, formal ethics approval is not required. However the risk to benefit ratio has been assessed for participants of the evaluation and the country as follows: Minimal harm to participants is anticipated through the conversational methods being used. No coercive methods will be used to gain consent, such as paying participants to attend. However participants will also not be out-of-pocket as a result of participating in the FGD, as travel and communication costs will be reimbursed and refreshments will be provided. KAP will benefit from the outcome of the evaluation which should result in the strengthening of audience specific HIV/STI programming and improved services. More effective programming should lead to a reduced incidence of HIV and STIs. More effective programming should lead to reduced stigma and discrimination. More effective programming and lowered risk should result in cost savings for the health sector for treatment care and support. 4. Methodology and Approach4.1 Methods Focus group discussions will be used to explore the knowledge attitudes, thoughts, feelings and behaviours of KAP in relation to the key objectives and accompanying areas. This method is proven to be effective in generating authentic discussion, using the conversational style and allows for in-depth debate and reflection on topic areas. Each FGD will be moderated using audience specific focus group discussion guides, which will be drafted and circulated for comments from CARPHA and NHAC and pre-tested and revised prior to data collection. Qualitative enquiry from the beneficiary standpoint will focus specifically on five of the six Strategic Objectives (SO) and evaluation questions of the NSP 2008-20013, in accordance with the Evaluation Matrix as follows:
The qualitative enquiry will also critically seek to better understand how KAP experience “enabling environments” in relation to stigma and discrimination, advocacy and human rights. And how women and girls experience gender and power dynamics in HIV programming. (For draft FGD guides see Appendix II) 4.2 Limitations The potential limitations of FGD are inherent in the purposive selection of participants as well as in the interpretation of qualitative data. Therefore participants will be sourced through different agencies to avoid single agency bias, along with a rigorous data analysis plan that will assist in minimizing the potential biases as far as possible. 4.3 Approach CARPHA/NHAC is utilizing regional behaviour change communication (BCC) and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expertise, along with expert knowledge and understanding of KAP and programme interventions, to assist in underpinning the qualitative enquiry and analysis. FGDs will be conducted using a conversational style and local vernacular, avoiding the use of technical terminology with KAPs. FGDs for youth 15-19 will be more directive than the FGD with adults and will use flip charts and age-appropriate activities that will engage young people in conversations. FGDs for MSM, SW and PLWH will ensure that the members of these groups are familiar with one another and consent to meeting as groups. CARPHA/NHAC will give equal weight to the views of KAPs and key informant professionals in final evaluation findings. 4.4 Sampling Non-probability sampling methods will be used in all instances to select the evaluation participants/beneficiaries. This will be done in consultation with the NHAC and organizations with knowledge of and working closely with the key populations in HIV prevention, treatment support and human rights efforts: 4.5 Focus Groups 4.5.1 Definition of Key Affected Populations For the purpose of this evaluation the inclusion criterion for KAPs will be: Men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18-49 who have engaged in NSP services programmes and interventions (“Bougies and Ghetto”, reflecting social class variations)15 Sex Workers (SW) aged 18-49 (Males/Beach boys and Females) who have engaged in NSP services programmes and interventions Adolescents (Youth) aged 15-19 (Male and Female) who have engaged in NSP services programmes and interventions People living with HIV (PLWH) aged 18-49 (Male and Female) who have engaged in NSP services programmes and interventions Persons with Disabilities (PWD) who have engaged in NSP services programmes and interventions Persons who have not engaged in NSP services, programmes and interventions will be excluded. Eight FGD will be conducted as follows: Table 1. KAP FGD Participant Recruitment Process
5. Data Analysis Plan FGD will be audio recorded (where consent is granted) along with note-taking. Abridged transcripts from audio recordings and notes will then be produced and thematically analysed in accordance with the strategic objectives and accompanying areas and in accordance with the Utilization focused and results based approaches. However as the prevention component of the NSP is underpinned by the Trans theoretical Model of Behaviour Change (Prochaska and Di Clemente), behavioural analysis will also take into account the stages of change in self-reported attitudes and behaviour.
A detailed written report will be prepared in MS Word outlining the research process, the findings and the recommendations for future programming directed towards KAP. Download 0.92 Mb. Share with your friends:
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