19.3 present simple, present perfect, past simple 1 With its focus on the research cycle, scientific methodology (1) has devoted / devoted a great deal of attention to problem solving. However, the issue of problem choice (2) has been / was relatively neglected, notwithstanding its relevant epistemological implications. What (3) are / have been the criteria used by PhD students to set their research agenda To what extent (4) is / was the research agenda driven by pure curiosity about social phenomena A survey (5) has been / was carried out among PhD students of European universities to examine the criteria used in the choice of their dissertation topics over the last decade. The analysis thus sheds light on the way scientific knowledge (6) is / has beencrafted in the last ten years, and about the challenges and limitations researchers (7) have faced / faced during this process 1. has devoted 2. has been 3. are 4. is 5. was 6. has been 7. have faced
