English words and phrases



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Adj. knowing &c v.; cognitive; acroamatic.

aware of, cognizant of, conscious of; acquainted with, made acquainted with; privy to, no stranger to; au fait with, au courant; in the secret; up to, alive to; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; let into; apprized of, informed of; undeceived.

proficient with, versed with, read with, forward with, strong with, at home in; conversant with, familiar with.

erudite, instructed, leaned, lettered, educated; well conned, well informed, well read, well grounded, well educated; enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic, solid, profound, deep-read, book-learned; accomplished &c (skillful) 698; omniscient; self-taught.

known &c v.; ascertained, well-known, recognized, received, notorious, noted; proverbial; familiar, familiar as household words, familiar to every schoolboy; hackneyed, trite, trivial, commonplace.

cognoscible, cognizable.



Adv. to one's knowledge, to the best of one's knowledge.

Phr. one's eyes being opened &c (disclosure) 529; ompredre tout c'est tout pardonner [Fr.], to know all is to pardon all; empta dolore docet experientia [Lat.]; gnothi seauton [Gr.]; half our knowledge we must snatch not take [Pope]; Jahre lehren mehr als Bucher [G.], years teach more than books [G.]; knowledge comes but wisdom lingers [Tennyson]; knowledge is power [Bacon]; les affaires font les hommes [Fr.]; nec scire fas est omnia [Lat.] [Horace]; the amassed thought and experience of innumerable minds [Emerson]; was ich nicht weiss macht mich nicht heiss [G.].
491. Ignorance -- N. ignorance, nescience, tabula rasa [Lat.], crass ignorance, ignorance crasse [Fr.]; unfamiliarity, unacquaintance; unconsciousness &c adj.; darkness, blindness; incomprehension, inexperience, simplicity.

unknown quantities, x, y, z.

sealed book, terra incognita, virgin soil, unexplored ground; dark ages.

[Imperfect knowledge] smattering, sciolism, glimmering, dilettantism; bewilderment &c (uncertainty) 475; incapacity.

[Affectation of knowledge] pedantry; charlatanry, charlatism; Philister, Philistine.

V. be ignorant &c adj.; not know &c 490; know not, know not what, know nothing of; have no idea, have no notion, have no conception; not have the remotest idea; not know chalk from cheese.

ignore, be blind to; keep in ignorance &c (conceal) 528.

see through a glass darkly; have a film over the eyes, have a glimmering &c n.; wonder whether; not know what to make of &c (unintelligibility) 519; not pretend to take upon, not take upon one self to say.

Adj. ignorant; nescient; unknowing, unaware, unacquainted, unapprised, unapprized, unwitting, unweeting, unconscious; witless, weetless; a stranger to; unconversant.

uninformed, uncultivated, unversed, uninstructed, untaught, uninitiated, untutored, unschooled, misguided, unenlightened; Philistine; behind the age.

shallow, superficial, green, rude, empty, half-learned, illiterate; unread, uninformed, uneducated, unlearned, unlettered, unbookish; empty-headed, dizzy, wooly-headed; pedantic; in the dark; benighted, belated; blinded, blindfolded; hoodwinked; misinformed; au bout de son latin, at the end of his tether, at fault; at sea &c (uncertain) 475; caught tripping.

unknown, unapprehended, unexplained, unascertained, uninvestigated, unexplored, unheard of, not perceived; concealed &c 528; novel.



Adv. ignorantly &c adj.; unawares; for anything, for aught one knows; not that one knows.

Int. God knows, Heaven knows, the Lord knows, who knows, nobody knows.

Phr. ignorance never settles a question [Disraeli]; quantum animis erroris inest! [Lat.] [Ovid]; small Latin and less Greek [B.

Jonson]; that unlettered small-knowing soul [Love's Labor's Lost]; there is no darkness but ignorance [Twelfth Night].


492. Scholar -- N. scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman, professor, graduate, wrangler; academician, academist; master of arts, doctor, licentitate, gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist, clerk; sophist, sophister; linguist; glossolinguist, philologist; philologer; lexicographer, glossographer; grammarian; litterateur [Fr.], literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti [It]; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi, Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue; Mezzofanti, admirable Crichton, Mecaenas.

bookworm, helluo librorum [Lat.]; bibliophile, bibliomaniac; bluestocking, bas-bleu [Fr.]; bigwig, learned Theban, don; Artium Baccalaureus [Lat.], Artium Magister [Lat.].

learned man, literary man; homo multarum literarum [Lat.]; man of learning, man of letters, man of education, man of genius.

antiquarian, antiquary; archaeologist.

sage &c (wise man) 500.

pedant, doctrinaire; pedagogue, Dr.

Pangloss; pantologist, criminologist.

schoolboy &c (learner) 541.



Adj. learned &c 490; brought up at the feet of Gamaliel.

Phr. he was a scholar and a ripe and good one [Henry VIII]; the manifold linguist [All's Well That Ends Well].
493. Ignoramus -- N. ignoramus, dunce; wooden spoon; no scholar.

[insulting terms for ignorant person:] (imbecility) 499 (folly) 501 moron, imbecile, idiot; fool, jerk, nincompoop, asshole [Vulg.].

[person with superficial knowledge] dilettante, sciolist, smatterer, dabbler, half scholar; charlatan; wiseacre.

greenhorn, amateur &c (dupe) 547; novice, tyro &c (learner) 541; numskull.

lubber &c (bungler) 701; fool &c 501; pedant &c 492.

Adj. bookless, shallow; ignorant &c 491.

Phr. a wit with dunces and a dunce with wits [Pope].
494. [Object of knowledge.] Truth -- N. fact, reality &c (existence) 1; plain fact, plain matter of fact; nature &c (principle) 5; truth, verity; gospel, gospel truth, God's honest truth; orthodoxy &c 983.1; authenticity; veracity &c 543; correctness, correctitude.

accuracy, exactitude; exactness, preciseness &c adj.; precision, delicacy; rigor, mathematical precision, punctuality; clockwork precision &c (regularity) 80; conformity to rule; nicety.

orthology; ipsissima verba [Lat.]; realism.

plain truth, honest truth, sober truth, naked truth, unalloyed truth, unqualified truth, stern truth, exact truth, intrinsic truth; nuda veritas [Lat.]; the very thing; not an illusion &c 495; real Simon Pure; unvarnished tale, unvarnished truth; the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; just the thing.



V. be true &c adj., be the case; sand the test; have the true ring; hold good, hold true, hold water.

render true, prove true &c adj.; substantiate &c (evidence) 467.

get at the truth &c (discover) 480.1.

Adj. real, actual &c (existing) 1; veritable, true; right, correct; certain &c 474; substantially true, categorically true, definitively true &c; true to the letter, true as gospel; unimpeachable; veracious &c 543; unreconfuted, unconfuted; unideal, unimagined; realistic.

exact, accurate, definite, precise, well-defined, just, just so, so; strict, severe; close &c (similar) 17; literal; rigid, rigorous; scrupulous &c (conscientious) 939; religiously exact, punctual, mathematical, scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, delicate, fine; clean-cut, clear-cut.

verified, empirically true, experimentally verified, substantiated, proven (demonstrated) 478.

rigorously true, unquestionably true.

true by definition.

genuine, authentic, legitimate; orthodox &c 983.1; official, ex officio.

pure, natural, sound, sterling; unsophisticated, unadulterated, unvarnished, unalloyed, uncolored; in its true colors; pukka.

well-grounded, well founded; solid, substantial, tangible, valid; undistorted, undisguised; unaffected, unexaggerated, unromantic, unflattering.



Adv. truly &c adj.; verily, indeed, really, in reality; with truth &c (veracity) 543; certainly &c (certain) 474; actually &c (existence) 1; in effect &c (intrinsically) 5.

exactly &c adj.; ad amussim [Lat.]; verbatim, verbatim et literatim [Lat.]; word for word, literally, literatim [Lat.], totidem vervis [Lat.], sic, to the letter, chapter and verse, ipsissimis verbis [Lat.]; ad unguem [Lat.]; to an inch; to a nicety, to a hair, to a tittle, to a turn, to a T; au pied de la lettre [Fr.]; neither more nor less; in every respect, in all respects; sous tous les rapports [Fr.]; at any rate, at all events; strictly speaking.



Phr. the truth is, the fact is; rem acu tetigisti [Lat.]; en suivant la verite [Fr.]; ex facto jus oritur [Lat.]; la verita e figlia del empo [It]; locos y ninos dicen la verdad [Sp.], crazy people and children tell the truth; nihil est veritatis luce dulcius [Lat.] [Cicero]; veritas nunquam perit [Lat.] [Seneca]; veritatem dies aperit [Lat.] [Seneca]; the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; just the facts, ma'am, just the facts [Dragnet].
495. Error -- N. error, fallacy; misconception, misapprehension, misstanding, misunderstanding; inexactness &c adj.; laxity; misconstruction &c (misinterpretation) 523; miscomputation &c (misjudgment) 481; non sequitur &c 477; mis-statement, mis-report; mumpsimus.

mistake; miss, fault, blunder, quiproquo, cross purposes, oversight, misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, blot, flaw, loose thread; trip, stumble &c (failure) 732; botchery &c (want of skill) 699 [Obs.]; slip of the tongue, slip of the lip, Freudian slip; slip of the pen; lapsus linguae [Lat.], clerical error; bull &c (absurdity) 497; haplography.

illusion, delusion; snare; false impression, false idea; bubble; self-decit, self-deception; mists of error.

heresy &c (heterodoxy) 984; hallucination &c (insanity) 503; false light &c (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c (fancy) 515; fable &c (untruth) 546; bias &c (misjudgment) 481; misleading &c v..



V. be erroneous &c adj.. cause error; mislead, misguide; lead astray, lead into error; beguile, misinform &c (misteach) 538 [Obs.]; delude; give a false impression, give a false idea; falsify, misstate; deceive &c 545; lie &c 544.

err; be in error &c adj., be mistaken &c v.; be deceived &c (duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression, deceive oneself; fall into error, lie under error, labor under an error &c n.; be in the wrong, blunder; misapprehend, misconceive, misunderstand, misreckon, miscount, miscalculate &c (misjudge) 481.

play at cross purposes, be at cross purposes &c (misinterpret) 523.

trip, stumble; lose oneself &c (uncertainty) 475; go astray; fail &c 732; be in the wrong box; take the wrong sow by the ear &c (mismanage) 699; put the saddle on the wrong horse; reckon without one's host; take the shadow for the substance &c (credulity) 486; dream &c (imagine) 515.



Adj. erroneous, untrue, false, devoid of truth, fallacious, apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless; unsubstantial &c 4; heretical &c (heterodox) 984; unsound; illogical &c 477.

inexact, unexact inaccurate, incorrect; indefinite &c (uncertain) 475.

illusive, illusory; delusive; mock, ideal &c (imaginary) 515; spurious &c 545; deceitful &c 544; perverted.

controvertible, unsustainable; unauthenticated, untrustworthy.

exploded, refuted; discarded.

in error, under an error &c n.; mistaken &c v.; tripping &c v.; out, out in one's reckoning; aberrant; beside the mark, wide of the mark, wide of the truth, way off, far off; astray &c (at fault) 475; on a false scent, on the wrong scent; in the wrong box, outside the ballpark; at cross purposes, all in the wrong; all out.



Adv. more or less.

Phr. errare est humanum [Lat.]; mentis gratissimus error [Lat.] [Horace]; on the dubious waves of error tost [Cowper]; to err is human, to forgive divine [Pope]; you lie -- under a mistake [Shelley].
496. Maxim -- N. maxim, aphorism; apothegm, apophthegm; dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot [Fr.], motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis.

axiom, theorem, scholium, truism, postulate.

first principles, a priori fact, assumption (supposition) 514.

reflection &c (idea) 453; conclusion &c (judgment) 480; golden rule &c (precept) 697; principle, principia [Lat.]; profession of faith &c (belief) 484; settled principle, accepted principle, formula.

accepted fact.

received truth, wise maxim, sage maxim, received maxim, admitted maxim, recognized maxim &c; true saying, common saying, hackneyed saying, trite saying, commonplace saying &c



Adj. aphoristic, proverbial, phylacteric; axiomatic, gnomic.

Adv. as the saying goes, as the saying is, as they say.
497. Absurdity -- N. absurdity, absurdness &c adj.; imbecility &c 499; alogy, nonsense, utter nonsense; paradox, inconsistency; stultiloquy, stultiloquence; nugacity.

blunder, muddle, bull; Irishism, Hibernicism; slipslop; anticlimax, bathos; sophism &c 477.

farce, galimathias, amphigouri, rhapsody; farrago &c (disorder) 59; betise [Fr.]; extravagance, romance; sciamachy.

sell, pun, verbal quibble, macaronic.

jargon, fustian, twaddle, gibberish &c (no meaning) 517; exaggeration &c 549; moonshine, stuff; mare's nest, quibble, self-delusion.

vagary, tomfoolery, poppycock, mummery, monkey trick, boutade [Fr.], escapade.



V. play the fool &c 499; talk nonsense, parler a tort et a travess [Fr.]; battre la campagne [Fr.]; hanemolia bazein [Gr.]; be absurd &c adj..

Adj. absurd, nonsensical, preposterous, egregious, senseless, inconsistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling; self-annulling, self-contradictory; macaronic, punning.

foolish &c 499; sophistical &c 477; unmeaning &c 517; without rhyme or reason; fantastic.



Int. fiddlededee!, pish!, pho!, in the name of the Prophet--figs! [Horace Smith].

Phr. credat Judaeus Apella [Lat.] [Horace]; tell it to the marines.
498. Intelligence, Wisdom -- N. intelligence, capacity, comprehension, understanding; cuteness, sabe [U.S.], savvy [U.S.]; intellect &c 450; nous [Fr.], parts, sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick parts, grasp of intellect; acuteness &c adj.; acumen, subtlety, penetration, perspicacy, perspicacity; discernment, due sense of, good judgment; discrimination &c 465; cunning &c 702; refinement &c (taste) 850.

head, brains, headpiece, upper story, long head; eagle eye, eagle-glance; eye of a lynx, eye of a hawk.

wisdom, sapience, sense; good sense, common sense, horse sense [U.S.], plain sense; rationality, reason; reasonableness &c adj.; judgment; solidity, depth, profundity, caliber; enlarged views; reach of thought, compass of thought; enlargement of mind.

genius, inspiration, geist [G.], fire of genius, heaven-born genius, soul; talent &c (aptitude) 698.



[Wisdom in action] prudence &c 864; vigilance &c 459; tact &c 698; foresight &c 510; sobriety, self-possession, aplomb, ballast.

a bright thought, not a bad idea.

Solomon-like wisdom.

V. be intelligent &c adj.; have all one's wits about one; understand &c (intelligible) 518; catch an idea, take in an idea; take a joke, take a hint.

see through, see at a glance, see with half an eye, see far into, see through a millstone; penetrate; discern &c (descry) 441; foresee &c 510.

discriminate &c 465; know what's what &c 698; listen to reason.

Adj. intelligent [Applied to persons], quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, brainy, awake, bright, quick, sharp; quick witted, keen witted, clear witted, sharp-eyed, sharp sighted, sharp witted; wide-awake; canny, shrewd, astute; clear-headed; farsighted &c 510; discerning, perspicacious, penetrating, piercing; argute; quick-witted, nimble-witted, needle-witted; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; alive to &c (cognizant) 490; clever &c (apt) 698; arch &c (cunning) 702; pas si bete [Fr.]; acute &c 682.

wise, sage, sapient, sagacious, reasonable, rational, sound, in one's right mind, sensible, abnormis sapiens [Lat.], judicious, strong-minded.

unprejudiced, unbiased, unbigoted, unprepossessed; undazzled, unperplexed; unwarped judgment, impartial, equitable, fair.

cool; cool-headed, long-headed, hardheaded, strong-headed; long-sighted, calculating, thoughtful, reflecting; solid, deep, profound.

oracular; heaven-directed, heaven-born.

prudent &c (cautious) 864; sober, stand, solid; considerate, politic, wise in one's generation; watchful &c 459; provident &c (prepared) 673; in advance of one' age; wise as a serpent, wise as Solomon, wise as Solon.



[Applied to actions] wise, sensible, reasonable, judicious; well-thought-out, well-planned, well-judged, well-advised; prudent, politic; expedient &c 646.

Phr. aut regem aut fatuum nasci oportet [Lat.]; but with the morning cool reflection came [Scott]; flosculi sententiarum [Lat.]; les affaires font les hommes [Fr.]; mas vale saber que haber [Sp.]; mas vale ser necio que profiadol nemo solus sapit [Lat.] [Plautus]; nosce te [Lat.]; gnothi seauton [Gr.]; nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit [Lat.] [Seneca from Aristotle]; sapere aude [Lat.] [Horace]; victrix fortunae sapientia [Lat.] [Juvenal].
499. Imbecility. Folly -- N. want of intelligence &c 498, want of intellect &c 450; shadowness, silliness, foolishness &c adj.; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, weakness of intellect, clouded perception, poor head, apartments to let; stupidity, stolidity; hebetude, dull understanding, meanest capacity, shortsightedness; incompetence &c (unskillfulness) 699.

one's weak side, not one's strong point; bias &c 481; infatuation &c (insanity) 503.

simplicity, puerility, babyhood; dotage, anility, second childishness, fatuity; idiocy, idiotism; driveling.

folly, frivolity, irrationality, trifling, ineptitude, nugacity, inconsistency, lip wisdom, conceit; sophistry &c 477; giddiness &c (inattention) 458; eccentricity &c 503; extravagance &c (absurdity) 497; rashness &c 863.

act of folly &c 699.

V. to be an imbecile &c adj.; have no brains, have no sense &c 498.

trifle, drivel, radoter, dote; ramble &c (madness) 503; play the fool, play the monkey, monkey around, fool around; take leave of one's senses (insanity) 503; not see an inch beyond one's nose; stultify oneself &c 699; talk nonsense &c 497.



Adj. unintelligent [Applied to persons], unintellectual, unreasoning; mindless, witless, reasoningless, brainless; halfbaked; having no head &c 498; not bright &c 498; inapprehensible.

weak headed, addle headed, puzzle headed, blunder headed, muddle headed, muddy headed, pig headed, beetle headed, buffle headed, chuckle headed, mutton headed, maggoty headed, grossheaded; beef headed, fat witted, fat-headed.

weak-minded, feeble-minded; dull minded, shallow minded, lack-brained; rattle-brained, rattle headed; half witted, lean witted, short witted, dull witted, blunt-witted, shallow-pated, clod-pated, addle-pated, addle-brained; dim-sighted, short-sighted; thick-skulled; weak in the upper story.

shallow, borne, weak, wanting, soft, sappy, spoony; dull, dull as a beetle; stupid, heavy, insulse, obtuse, blunt, stolid, doltish; asinine; inapt &c 699; prosaic &c 843; hebetudinous.

childish, child-like; infantine, infantile, babyish, babish; puerile, anile; simple &c (credulous) 486; old-womanish.

fatuous, idiotic, imbecile, driveling; blatant, babbling; vacant; sottish; bewildered &c 475.

blockish, unteachable Boeotian, Boeotic; bovine; ungifted, undiscerning, unenlightened, unwise, unphilosophical; apish; simious.

foolish, silly, senseless, irrational, insensate, nonsensical, inept; maudlin.

narrow-minded &c 481; bigoted &c (obstinate) 606; giddy &c (thoughtless) 458; rash &c 863; eccentric &c (crazed) 503.

[Applied to actions] foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper, unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, absurd, idiotic, silly, stupid, asinine; ill-imagined, ill-advised, ill-judged, ill-devised; mal entendu [Fr.]; inconsistent, irrational, unphilosophical; extravagant &c (nonsensical) 497; sleeveless, idle; pointless, useless &c 645; inexpedient &c 647; frivolous &c (trivial) 643.

Phr. Davus sum non [Lat.] [Oedipus]; a fool's bolt is soon shot [Henry V.] clitellae bovi sunt impositae [Lat.] [Cicero]; fools rush in where angels fear to tread [Pope]; il n' a ni bouche ni eperon [Fr.]; the bookful blockhead, ignorantly read [Pope]; to varnish nonsense with the charms of sound [Churchill].
500. Sage -- N. sage, wise man; genius; master mind, master spirit of the age; longhead, thinker; intellectual, longhair.

authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esprit fort, magnus Apollo [Lat.], Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, second Daniel.

man of learning &c 492; expert &c 700; wizard &c 994.

wiseacre [Iron.], bigwig, know-it-all; poor man's Einstein.



Adj. venerable, reverenced, emeritus.

Phr. barba tenus sapientes [Lat.].
501. Fool -- N. fool, idiot, tomfool, wiseacre, simpleton, witling, dizzard, donkey, ass; ninny, ninnyhammer; chowderhead, chucklehead; dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby, hoddy-doddy, noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy, owl; goose, goosecap; imbecile; gaby; radoteur, nincompoop, badaud, zany; trifler, babbler; pretty fellow; natural, niais.

child, baby, infant, innocent, milksop, sop.

oaf, lout, loon, lown, dullard, doodle, calf, colt, buzzard, block, put, stick, stock, numps, tony.

bull head, dunderhead, addlehead, blockhead, dullhead, loggerhead, jolthead, jolterhead, beetlehead, beetlebrain, grosshead, muttonhead, noodlehead, giddyhead; numbskull, thickskull; lackbrain, shallowbrain; dimwit, halfwit, lackwit; dunderpate; lunkhead sawney [U.S.], gowk; clod, clod-hopper; clod-poll, clot-poll, clot-pate; bull calf; gawk, Gothamite, lummox, rube [U.S.]; men of Boeotia, wise men of Gotham.

un sot a triple etage [Fr.], sot; jobbernowl, changeling, mooncalf, gobemouche.

dotard, driveler; old fogey, old woman, crock; crone, grandmother; cotquean, henhussy.

incompetent (insanity) 503.

greenhorn &c (dupe) 547; dunce &c (ignoramus) 493; lubber &c (bungler) 701; madman &c 504.

one who will not set the Thames on fire; one who did not invent gunpowder, qui n'a pas invente' la poudre [Fr.]; no conjuror.



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