English words and phrases

bring to perfection, perfect, ripen, mature; complete &c 729; put in trim &c (prepare) 673; maturate.

best &c (good) 648; model, standard; inimitable, unparagoned^†, unparalleled &c (supreme) 33; superhuman, divine; beyond all praise &c (approbation) 931; sans peur et sans reproche [Fr.].

fault, defect, weak point; screw loose; flaw &c (break) 70; gap &c 198; twist &c 243; taint, attainder; bar sinister, hole in one's coat; blemish &c 848; weakness &c 160; half blood; shortcoming &c 304; drawback; seamy side.

mediocrity; no great shakes, no great catch; not much to boast of; one-horse shay.

V. be imperfect &c adj.; have a defect &c n.; lie under a disadvantage; spring a leak.

not pass muster, barely pass muster; fall short &c 304.

indifferent, middling, ordinary, mediocre; average &c 29; so-so; coucicouci, milk and water; tolerable, fair, passable; pretty well, pretty good; rather good, moderately good; good; good enough, well enough, adequate; decent; not bad, not amiss; inobjectionable^†, unobjectionable, admissible, bearable, only better than nothing.

secondary, inferior; second-rate, second-best; one-horse [U.S.].

Adv. almost &c; to a limited extent, rather &c 32; pretty, moderately, passing; only, considering, all things considered, enough.

Phr. surgit amari aliquid [Lat.].
652. Cleanness -- N. cleanness, cleanliness &c adj.; purity; cleaning &c v.; purification, defecation &c v.; purgation, lustration^†; detersion^†, abstersion^†; epuration^†, mundation^†; ablution, lavation^†, colature^†; disinfection &c v.; drainage, sewerage.

lavatory, laundry, washhouse^†; washerwoman, laundress, dhobi^†, laundryman, washerman^†; scavenger, dustman^†, sweep; white wings brush [U.S.]; broom, besom^†, mop, rake, shovel, sieve, riddle, screen, filter; blotter.

napkin, cloth, maukin^†, malkin^†, handkerchief, towel, sudary^†; doyley^†, doily, duster, sponge, mop, swab.

cover, drugget^†.

wash, lotion, detergent, cathartic, purgative; purifier &c v.; disinfectant; aperient^†; benzene, benzine benzol, benolin^†; bleaching powder, chloride of lime, dentifrice, deobstruent^†, laxative.

V. be clean, render clean &c adj.; clean, cleanse; mundify^†, rinse, wring, flush, full, wipe, mop, sponge, scour, swab, scrub, brush up.

wash, lave, launder, buck; absterge^†, deterge^†; decrassify^†; clear, purify; depurate^†, despumate^†, defecate; purge, expurgate, elutriate [Chem], lixiviate^†, edulcorate^†, clarify, refine, rack; filter, filtrate; drain, strain.

disinfect, fumigate, ventilate, deodorize; whitewash; castrate, emasculate.

sift, winnow, pick, weed, comb, rake, brush, sweep.

rout out, clear out, sweep out &c; make a clean sweep of.

Adj. clean, cleanly; pure; immaculate; spotless, stainless, taintless; trig; without a stain, unstained, unspotted, unsoiled, unsullied, untainted, uninfected; sweet, sweet as a nut.

neat, spruce, tidy, trim, gimp, clean as a new penny, like a cat in pattens; cleaned &c v.; kempt^†.

abstergent^†, cathartic, cleansing, purifying.

Adv. neatly &c adj.; clean as a whistle.
653. Uncleanness -- N. uncleanness &c adj.; impurity; immundity^†, immundicity^†; impurity &c 961 [of mind]. defilement, contamination &c v.; defoedation^†; soilure^†, soiliness^†; abomination; leaven; taint, tainture^†; fetor &c 401 [Obs.].

decay; putrescence, putrefaction; corruption; mold, must, mildew, dry rot, mucor, rubigo^†.

slovenry^†; slovenliness &c adj.; squalor.

dowdy, drab, slut, malkin^†, slattern, sloven, slammerkin^†, slammock^†, slummock^†, scrub, draggle-tail, mudlark^†, dust-man, sweep; beast.

dirt, filth, soil, slop; dust, cobweb, flue; smoke, soot, smudge, smut, grit, grime, raff^†; sossle^†, sozzle^†.

sordes^†, dregs, grounds, lees; argol^†; sediment, settlement heeltap^†; dross, drossiness^†; mother^†, precipitate, scoriae, ashes, cinders.

recrement^†, slag; scum, froth.

hogwash; ditchwater^†, dishwater, bilgewater^†; rinsings, cheeseparings; sweepings &c (useless refuse) 645; offscourings^†, outscourings^†; off scum; caput mortuum [Lat.], residuum, sprue, fecula [Lat.], clinker, draff^†; scurf, scurfiness^†; exuviae [Lat.], morphea; fur, furfur^†; dandruff, tartar.

riffraff; vermin, louse, flea, bug, chinch^†.

mud, mire, quagmire, alluvium, silt, sludge, slime, slush, slosh, sposh [U.S.].

spawn, offal, gurry [U.S.]; lientery^†; garbage, carrion; excreta &c 299; slough, peccant humor, pus, matter, suppuration, lienteria^†; faeces, feces, excrement, ordure, dung, crap [Vulg.], shit [Vulg.]; sewage, sewerage; muck; coprolite; guano, manure, compost.

dunghill, colluvies^†, mixen^†, midden, bog, laystall^†, sink, privy, jakes; toilet, john, head; cess^†, cesspool; sump, sough, cloaca, latrines, drain, sewer, common sewer; Cloacina; dust hole.

sty, pigsty, lair, den, Augean stable^†, sink of corruption; slum, rookery.

V. be unclean, become unclean &c adj.; rot, putrefy, ferment, fester, rankle, reek; stink &c 401; mold, molder; go bad &c adj.. render unclean &c adj.; dirt, dirty; daub, blot, blur, smudge, smutch^†, soil, smoke, tarnish, slaver, spot, smear; smirch; begrease^†; dabble, drabble^†, draggle, daggle^†; spatter, slubber; besmear &c, bemire, beslime^†, begrime, befoul; splash, stain, distain^†, maculate, sully, pollute, defile, debase, contaminate, taint, leaven; corrupt &c (injure) 659; cover with dust &c n.; drabble in the mud^†; roil.

wallow in the mire; slobber, slabber^†.

slovenly, untidy, messy, uncleanly.

unscoured^†, unswept^†, unwiped^†, unwashed, unstrained, unpurified^†; squalid; lutose^†, slammocky^†, slummocky^†, sozzly^†.

nasty, coarse, foul, offensive, abominable, beastly, reeky, reechy^†; fetid &c 401.

[of rotting living matter] decayed, moldy, musty, mildewed, rusty, moth-eaten, mucid^†, rancid, weak, bad, gone bad, etercoral^†, lentiginous^†, touched, fusty, effete, reasty^†, rotten, corrupt, tainted, high, flyblown, maggoty; putrid, putrefactive, putrescent, putrefied; saprogenic, saprogenous^†; purulent, carious, peccant; fecal, feculent; stercoraceous^†, excrementitious^†; scurfy, scurvy, impetiginous^†; gory, bloody; rotting &c v.; rotten as a pear, rotten as cheese.

crapulous &c (intemperate) 954 [Obs.]; gross &c (impure in mind) 961; fimetarious^†, fimicolous^†.

mens sana in corpore sano [Lat.]; Hygeia^†; incorruption, incorruptibility; good state of health, clean bill of health; eupepsia^†; euphoria, euphory^†; St.

Anthony's fire^†.

V. be in health &c adj.. bloom, flourish.

keep body and soul together, keep on one's legs; enjoy good health, enjoy a good state of health; have a clean bill of health.

return to health; recover &c 660; get better &c (improve) 658; take a new lease of life, fresh lease of life; recruit; restore to health; cure &c (restore) 660; tinker.

Adj. healthy, healthful; in health &c n.; well, sound, hearty, hale, fresh, green, whole; florid, flush, hardy, stanch, staunch, brave, robust, vigorous, weatherproof.

unscathed, uninjured, unmaimed^†, unmarred, untainted; sound of wind and limb, safe and sound.

on one's legs; sound as a roach, sound as a bell; fresh as a daisy, fresh as a rose, fresh as April^†; hearty as a buck; in fine feather, in high feather; in good case, in full bloom; pretty bobbish^†, tolerably well, as well as can be expected.

sanitary &c (health-giving) 656; sanatory &c (remedial) 662 [Obs.].

visitation, attack, seizure, stroke, fit.

delicacy, loss of health, invalidation, cachexy^†; cachexia [Med.], atrophy, marasmus^†; indigestion, dyspepsia; decay &c (deterioration) 659; decline, consumption, palsy, paralysis, prostration.

taint, pollution, infection, sepsis, septicity^†, infestation; epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic; murrain, plague, pestilence, pox.

sore, ulcer, abscess, fester, boil; pimple, wen &c (swelling) 250; carbuncle, gathering, imposthume^†, peccant humor, issue; rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore; cancer, carcinoma, leukemia, neoplastic disease, malignancy, tumor; caries, mortification, corruption, gangrene, sphacelus^†, sphacelation^†, leprosy; eruption, rash, breaking out.

fever, temperature, calenture^†; inflammation.

ague, angina pectoris [Lat.], appendicitis; Asiatic cholera^†, spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone, black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia^†, blennorrhoea^†; blood poisoning, bloodstroke^†, bloody flux, brash; breakbone fever^†, dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever; heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy [Med.]; hardening of the arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis; bronchocele [Med.], canker rash, cardialgia [Med.], carditis [Med.], endocarditis [Med.]; cholera, asphyxia; chlorosis, chorea, cynanche^†, dartre [Fr.]; enanthem^†, enanthema^†; erysipelas; exanthem^†, exanthema; gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness; grip, grippe, influenza, flu; hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids, piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw; measles, mumps^†, polio; necrosis, pertussis, phthisis^†, pneumonia, psora^†, pyaemia^†, pyrosis [Med.], quinsy, rachitis^†, ringworm, rubeola, St.

Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula, seasickness, struma^†, syntexis^†, tetanus, tetter^†, tonsillitis, tonsilitis^†, tracheocele [Med.], trachoma, trismus [Med.], varicella [Med.], varicosis [Med.], variola [Med.], water qualm, whooping cough; yellow fever, yellow jack.

fatal disease &c (hopeless) 859; dangerous illness, galloping consumption, churchyard cough; general breaking up, break up of the system.

[Disease of mind] idiocy &c 499; insanity &c 503.

martyr to disease; cripple; the halt the lame and the blind; valetudinary^†, valetudinarian; invalid, patient, case; sickroom, sick-chamber.

keep one's bed; feign sickness &c (falsehood) 544.

lay by, lay up; take a disease, catch a disease &c n., catch an infection; break out.

Adj. diseased; ailing &c v.; ill, ill of; taken ill, seized with; indisposed, unwell, sick, squeamish, poorly, seedy; affected with illness, afflicted with illness; laid up, confined, bedridden, invalided, in hospital, on the sick list; out of health, out of sorts; under the weather [U.S.]; valetudinary^†.

unsound, unhealthy; sickly, morbid, morbose^†, healthless^†, infirm, chlorotic [Med.], unbraced^†.

drooping, flagging, lame, crippled, halting.

morbid, tainted, vitiated, peccant, contaminated, poisoned, tabid^†, mangy, leprous, cankered; rotten, rotten to the core, rotten at the core; withered, palsied, paralytic; dyspeptic; luetic^†, pneumonic, pulmonic [Med.], phthisic^†, rachitic; syntectic^†, syntectical^†; tabetic^†, varicose.

touched in the wind, broken-winded, spavined, gasping; hors de combat &c (useless) 645 [Fr.].

weakly, weakened &c (weak) 160; decrepit; decayed &c (deteriorated) 659; incurable &c (hopeless) 859; in declining health; cranky; in a bad way, in danger, prostrate; moribund &c (death) 360.

morbific &c 657 [Obs.]; epidemic, endemic; zymotic^†.
656. Salubrity -- N. salubrity; healthiness &c adj.. fine air, fine climate; eudiometer^†.

[Preservation of health] hygiene; valetudinarian, valetudinarianism; sanitarian; sanitarium, sanitOrium.

V. be salubrious &c adj.; agree with; assimilate &c 23.

Adj. salubrious, salutary, salutiferous^†; wholesome; healthy, healthful; sanitary, prophYlactic, benign, bracing, tonic, invigorating, good for, nutritious; hygeian^†, hygienic.

innoxious^†, innocuous, innocent; harmless, uninjurious, uninfectious.

sanative &c (remedial) 662; restorative &c (reinstate) 660; useful &c 644.
657. Insalubrity -- N. insalubrity; unhealthiness &c adj.; nonnaturals^†; plague spot; malaria &c (poison) 663; death in the pot, contagion; toxicity.

Adj. insalubrious; unhealthy, unwholesome; noxious, noisome; morbific^†, morbiferous^†; mephitic, septic, azotic^†, deleterious; pestilent, pestiferous, pestilential; virulent, venomous, envenomed; poisonous, toxic, toxiferous^†, teratogenic; narcotic.

contagious, infectious, catching, taking, epidemic, zymotic^†; epizootic.

innutritious^†, indigestible, ungenial; uncongenial &c (disagreeing) 24.

deadly &c (killing) 361.

reform, reformation; revision, radical reform; second thoughts, correction, limoe labor [Lat.], refinement, elaboration; purification &c 652; oxidation; repair &c (restoration) 660; recovery &c 660.

revise, new edition.

reformer, radical.

advance &c (progress) 282; ascend &c 305; increase &c 35; fructify, ripen, mature; pick up, come about, rally, take a favorable turn; turn over a new leaf, turn the corner; raise one's head, sow one's wild oats; recover &c 660.

be better &c adj., be improved by; turn to right account, turn to good account, turn to best account; profit by, reap the benefit of; make good use of, make capital out of; place to good account.

render better, improve, mend, amend, better; ameliorate, meliorate; correct; decrassify^†.

improve upon, refine upon; rectify; enrich, mellow, elaborate, fatten.

promote, cultivate, advance, forward, enhance; bring forward, bring on; foster &c 707; invigorate &c (strengthen) 159.

touch up, rub up, brush up, furbish up, bolster up, vamp up, brighten up, warm up; polish, cook, make the most of, set off to advantage; prune; repair &c (restore) 660; put in order &c (arrange) 60.

review, revise; make corrections, make improvements &c n.; doctor &c (remedy) 662; purify, &c 652.

relieve, refresh, infuse new blood into, recruit.

reform, remodel, reorganize; new model.

view in a new light, think better of, appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober.

palliate, mitigate; lessen an evil &c 36.

reformatory, emendatory^†; reparatory &c (restorative) 660 [Obs.]; remedial &c 662.

corrigible, improvable; accultural^†.

Adv. on consideration, on reconsideration, on second thoughts, on better advice; ad melius inquirendum [Lat.].

Phr. urbent latericiam invenit marmoream reliquit [Lat.].
659. Deterioration -- N. deterioration, debasement; wane, ebb; recession &c 287; retrogradation &c 283 [Obs.]; decrease &c 36.

degeneracy, degeneration, degenerateness; degradation; depravation, depravement; devolution; depravity &c 945; demoralization, retrogression; masochism.

impairment, inquination^†, injury, damage, loss, detriment, delaceration^†, outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage, scath^†; perversion, prostitution, vitiation, discoloration, oxidation, pollution, defoedation^†, poisoning, venenation^†, leaven, contamination, canker, corruption, adulteration, alloy.

decline, declension, declination; decadence, decadency^†; falling off &c v.; caducity^†, decrepitude.

decay, dilapidation, ravages of time, wear and tear; corrosion, erosion; moldiness, rottenness; moth and rust, dry rot, blight, marasmus^†, atrophy, collapse; disorganization; delabrement &c (destruction). 162; aphid, Aphis, plant louse, puceron^†; vinefretter^†, vinegrub^†.

wreck, mere wreck, honeycomb, magni nominis umbra [Lat.]; jade, plug, rackabones [U.S.], skate [U.S.]; tackey^†, tacky [U.S.].

run to seed, go to seed, run to waste swale^†, sweal^†; lapse, be the worse for; sphacelate: break^†, break down; spring a leak, crack, start; shrivel &c (contract) 195; fade, go off, wither, molder, rot, rankle, decay, go bad; go to decay, fall into decay; fall into the sear and yellow leaf, rust, crumble, shake; totter, totter to its fall; perish &c 162; die &c 360.

pervert, prostitute, demoralize, brutalize; render vicious &c 945.

embitter, acerbate, exacerbate, aggravate.

injure, impair, labefy^†, damage, harm, hurt, shend^†, scath^†, scathe, spoil, mar, despoil, dilapidate, waste; overrun; ravage; pillage &c 791.

wound, stab, pierce, maim, lame, surbate^†, cripple, hough^†, hamstring, hit between wind and water, scotch, mangle, mutilate, disfigure, blemish, deface, warp.

blight, rot; corrode, erode; wear away, wear out; gnaw, gnaw at the root of; sap, mine, undermine, shake, sap the foundations of, break up; disorganize, dismantle, dismast; destroy &c 162.

damnify &c (aggrieve) 649 [Obs.]; do one's worst; knock down; deal a blow to; play havoc with, play sad havoc with, play the mischief with, play the deuce with, play the very devil with, play havoc among, play sad havoc among, play the mischief among, play the deuce among, play the very devil among; decimate.

Adj. unimproved &c (improve) &c 658; deteriorated &c v.; altered, altered for the worse; injured &c v.; sprung; withering, spoiling &c v.; on the wane, on the decline; tabid^†; degenerate; marescent^†; worse; the worse for, all the worse for; out of repair, out of tune; imperfect &c 651; the worse for wear; battered; weathered, weather-beaten; stale, passe, shaken, dilapidated, frayed, faded, wilted, shabby, secondhand, threadbare; worn, worn to a thread, worn to a shadow, worn to the stump, worn to rags; reduced, reduced to a skeleton; far gone; tacky [U.S.].

decayed &c v.; moth-eaten, worm-eaten; mildewed, rusty, moldy, spotted, seedy, time-worn, moss-grown; discolored; effete, wasted, crumbling, moldering, rotten, cankered, blighted, tainted; depraved &c (vicious) 945; decrepid^†, decrepit; broke, busted, broken, out of commission, hors de combat [Fr.], out of action, broken down; done, done for, done up; worn out, used up, finished; beyond saving, fit for the dust hole, fit for the wastepaper basket, past work &c (useless) 645.

at a low ebb, in a bad way, on one's last legs; undermined, deciduous; nodding to its fall &c (destruction) 162; tottering &c (dangerous) 665; past cure &c (hopeless) 859; fatigued &c 688; retrograde &c (retrogressive) 283; deleterious &c 649.