English words and phrases

manners, breeding &c (politeness) 894; air, demeanor &c (appearance) 448; savoir faire [Fr.]; gentlemanliness^†, gentility, decorum, propriety, biens_eance [Fr.]; conventions of society; Mrs.

Grundy; punctilio; form, formality; etiquette, point of etiquette; dress &c 225.

custom &c 613; mode, vogue, go; rage &c (desire) 865; prevailing taste; fad, trend, bandwagon, furore^†, thing, in thing, craze, chic, last word.

man of fashion, woman of fashion, man of the world, woman of the world; height of fashion, pink of fashion, star of fashion, glass of fashion, leader of fashion; arbiter elegantiarum &c (taste) 850 [Lat.]; the beautiful people, the fashion set, upper ten thousand &c (nobility) 875; elite &c (distinction) 873; smart set; the four hundred [U.S.]; in crowd.

V. be fashionable &c adj., be the rage &c n.; have a run, pass current.

follow the fashion, conform to the fashion, fall in with the fashion, follow the trend, follow the crowd &c n.; go with the stream &c (conform) 82; savoir vivre [Fr.], savoir faire [Fr.]; keep up appearances, behave oneself.

set the fashion, bring in the fashion; give a tone to society, cut a figure in society; keep one's carriage.

Adj. fashionable; in fashion &c n.; a la mode, comme il faut [Fr.]; admitted in society, admissible in society &c n.; presentable; conventional &c (customary) 613; genteel; well-bred, well mannered, well behaved, well spoken; gentlemanlike^†, gentlemanly; ladylike; civil, polite &c (courteous) 894.

polished, refined, thoroughbred, courtly; distingue [Fr.]; unembarrassed, degage [Fr.]; janty^†, jaunty; dashing, fast.

modish, stylish, chic, trendy, recherche; newfangled &c (unfamiliar) 83; all the rage, all the go^†; with it, in, faddish.

in court, in full dress, in evening dress; en grande tenue [Fr.] &c (ornament) 847.

farce, comedy; burlesque &c (ridicule) 856; buffoonery &c (fun) 840; frippery; doggerel verses; absurdity &c 497; bombast &c (unmeaning) 517; anticlimax, bathos; eccentricity, monstrosity &c (unconformity) 83; laughingstock &c 857.

extravagant, outre, monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated, stilted, burlesque, mock heroic.

drollish; seriocomic, tragicomic; gimcrack, contemptible &c (unimportant) 643; doggerel; ironical &c (derisive) 856; risible.

Phr. risum teneatis amici [Lat.] [Horace]; rideret Heraclitus; du sublime au ridicule il n'y a qu'un pas [Lat.] [Napoleon].
854. Fop -- N. fop, fine gentleman; swell; dandy, dandiprat^†; exquisite, coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood, buck, man about town, fast man; fribble, milliner^†; Jemmy Jessamy^†, carpet knight; masher, dude.

fine lady, coquette; flirt, vamp.

charlatanism, quackery, shallow profundity; pretension, airs, pedantry, purism, precisianism, euphuism; teratology &c (altiloquence) 577.

mannerism, simagree, grimace.

conceit, foppery, dandyism, man millinery, coxcombry, puppyism.

stiffness, formality, buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism; mauvais honte, false shame.

affector, performer, actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire, purist, euphuist, mannerist; grimacier; lump of affectation, precieuse ridicule [Fr.], bas bleu [Fr.], blue stocking, poetaster; prig; charlatan &c (deceiver) 548; petit maitre &c (fop) 854; flatterer &c 935; coquette, prude, puritan.

not natural, unnatural; self-conscious; maniere; artificial; overwrought, overdone, overacted; euphuist &c 577.

stiff, starch, formal, prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles, quakerish, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish, conceited, coxcomical, foppish, dandified; finical, finikin; mincing, simpering, namby-pamby, sentimental.

Phr. conceit in weakest bodies strongest works [Hamlet].
856. Ridicule -- N. ridicule, derision; sardonic smile, sardonic grin; irrision^†; scoffing &c (disrespect) 929; mockery, quiz^†, banter, irony, persiflage, raillery, chaff, badinage; quizzing &c v.; asteism^†.

squib, satire, skit, quip, quib^†, grin.

parody, burlesque, travesty, travestie^†; farce &c (drama) 599; caricature.

buffoonery &c (fun) 840; practical joke; horseplay.

scorn, contempt &c 930.

V. ridicule, deride, mock, taunt; snigger; laugh in one's sleeve; tease [ridicule lightly], badinage, banter, rally, chaff, joke, twit, quiz, roast; haze [U.S.]; tehee^†; fleer^†; show up.

play upon, play tricks upon; fool to the top of one's bent; laugh at, grin at, smile at; poke fun at.

satirize, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty.

turn into ridicule; make merry with; make fun of, make game of, make a fool of, make an April fool of^†; rally; scoff &c (disrespect) 929.

raise a laugh &c (amuse) 840; play the fool, make a fool of oneself.

Adj. derisory, derisive; mock, mocking; sarcastic, ironic, ironical, quizzical, burlesque, Hudibrastic^†; scurrilous &c (disrespectful) 929.

Adv. in ridicule &c n..
857. [Object and cause of ridicule.] Laughingstock -- N. laughingstock, jestingstock^†, gazingstock^†; butt, game, fair game; April fool &c (dupe) 547 [Obs.].

original, oddity; queer fish, odd fish; quiz, square toes; old monkey, old fogey, fogey monkey, fogy monkey; buffoon &c (jester) 844; pantomimist &c (actor) 599.

schlemiel.

jest &c (wit) 842.

good omen, good auspices; promise, well grounded hopes; good prospect, bright prospect; clear sky.

assumption, presumption; anticipation &c (expectation) 507.

hopefulness, buoyancy, optimism, enthusiasm, heart of grace, aspiration.

castles in the air, castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne [Fr.], le pot aut lait [Fr.], Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden dream; dream of Alnaschar^†; airy hopes, fool's paradise; mirage &c (fallacies of vision) 443; fond hope.

beam of hope, ray of hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash of hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue sky, silver lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in Gilead; light at the end of the tunnel.

anchor, sheet anchor, mainstay; staff &c (support) 215; heaven &c 981.

feel hope, entertain hope, harbor hope, indulge hope, cherish hope, feed hope, foster hope, nourish hope, encourage hope, cling to hope, live in hope, &c n.; see land; feel assured, rest assured, feel confident, rest confident &c adj.. presume; promise oneself; expect &c (look forward to) 507.

hope for &c (desire) 865; anticipate.

be hopeful &c adj.; look on the bright side of, view on the sunny side, voir en couleur de rose [Fr.], make the best of it, hope for the best; put a good face upon, put a bold face upon, put the best face upon; keep one's spirits up; take heart, take heart of grace; be of good heart, be of good cheer; flatter oneself, lay the flattering unction to one's soul, catch at a straw, [Hamlet], hope against hope, reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's chickens before they are hatched.

unsuspecting, unsuspicious; fearless, free from fear, free from suspicion, free from distrust, free from despair, exempt from fear, exempt from suspicion, exempt from distrust, exempt from despair; undespairing^†, self reliant.

probable, on the high road to; within sight of shore, within sight of land; promising, propitious; of promise, full of promise; of good omen; auspicious, de bon augure [Fr.]; reassuring; encouraging, cheering, inspiriting, looking up, bright, roseate, couleur de rose [Fr.], rose-colored.

Adv. hopefully &c adj..

Int. God speed!,

Phr. nil desperandum [Lat.] [Horace]; never say die, dum spiro spero [Lat.], latet scintillula forsan [Lat.], all is for the best, spero meliora [Lat.]; every cloud has a silver lining; the wish being father to the thought [Henry IV]; hope told a flattering tale; rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis [Lat.].

at spes non fracta [Lat.]; ego spem prietio non emo [Lat.] [Terence]; un Dieu est ma fiance [Fr.]; hope! thou nurse of young desire [Bickerstaff]; in hoc signo spes mea [Lat.]; in hoc signo vinces [Lat.]; la speranza e il pan de miseri [It]; l'esperance est le songe d'un homme eveille [Fr.]; the mighty hopes that make us men [Tennyson]; the sickening pang of hope deferred [Scott].

abandonment, desolation; resignation, surrender, submission &c 725.

hope deferred, dashed hopes; vain expectation &c (disappointment) 509.

airy hopes &c &c 858; forlorn hope; gone case, dead duck, gone coon [U.S.]; goner [Slang]; bad job, bad business; enfant perdu [Fr.]; gloomy horizon, black spots in the horizon; slough of Despond, cave of Despair; immedicabile vulnus [Lat.].

inspire despair, drive to despair &c n.; disconcert; dash one's hopes, crush one's hopes, destroy one's hopes; hope against hope.

abandon; resign, surrender, submit &c 725.

Adj. hopeless, desperate, despairing, gone, in despair, au desespoir [Fr.], forlorn, desolate; inconsolable &c (dejected) 837; broken hearted.

unpromising, unpropitious; inauspicious, ill-omened, threatening, clouded over.

out of the question, not to be thought of; impracticable &c 471; past hope, past cure, past mending, past recall; at one's last gasp &c (death) 360; given up, given over.

incurable, cureless, immedicable, remediless, beyond remedy; incorrigible; irreparable, irremediable, irrecoverable, irreversible, irretrievable, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irrevocable; ruined, undone; immitigable.

nervousness, restlessness &c adj.; inquietude, disquietude, worry, concern; batophobia^†; heartquake^†; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c (cowardice) 862; mortal funk, heartsinking^†, despondency; despair &c 859.

fright; affright, affrightment^†; boof alarm [U.S.], dread, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare, stampede (of horses).

intimidation, terrorism, reign of terror.

alarmist &c (coward) 862.

hesitate &c (be irresolute) 605; falter, funk, cower, crouch; skulk &c (cowardice) 862; let 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would' [Macbeth] take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink; fly &c (avoid) 623.

tremble, shake; shiver, shiver in one's shoes; shudder, flutter; shake like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble all over; quake, quaver, quiver, quail.

grow pale, turn pale; blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one's soul is one's own.

inspire fear, excite fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise apprehensions^†; be in a daze, bulldoze [U.S.]; faze, feeze [U.S.]; give an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare, cry 'wolf', disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten, terrify; astound; fright from one's propriety; fright out of one's senses, fright out of one's wits, fright out of one's seven senses; awe; strike all of a heap, strike an awe into, strike terror; harrow up the soul, appall, unman, petrify, horrify; pile on the agony.

make one's flesh creep, make one's hair stand on end, make one's blood run cold, make one's teeth chatter; take away one's breath, stop one's breath; make one tremble &c; haunt; prey on the mind, weigh on the mind.

put in fear, put in bodily fear; terrorize, intimidate, cow, daunt, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully; threaten &c 909.

Adj. fearing &c v.; frightened &c v.; in fear, in a fright &c n.; haunted with the fear of &c n.; afeard^†.

afraid, fearful; timid, timorous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint-hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive, restless, fidgety; more frightened than hurt.

aghast; awe-stricken, horror-stricken, terror-stricken, panic-stricken, awestruck, awe-stricken, horror-struck; frightened to death, white as a sheet; pale, pale as a ghost, pale as death, pale as ashes; breathless, in hysterics.

inspiring fear &c v.; alarming; formidable, redoubtable; perilous &c (danger) 665; portentous; fearful; dread, dreadful; fell; dire, direful; shocking; terrible, terrific; tremendous; horrid, horrible, horrific; ghastly; awful, awe-inspiring; revolting &c (painful) 830; Gorgonian.

a dagger of the mind [Macbeth]; expertus metuit [Lat.] [Horace]; fain would I climb but that I fear to fall [Raleigh]; fear is the parent of cruelty [Froude]; Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire [Paradise Lost]; omnia tuta timens [Lat.] [Vergil]; our fears do make us traitors [Macbeth];

manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace; spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal fortitude; firmness &c (stability) 150; heart of oak; bottom, backbone, spine &c (perseverance) 604.1.

resolution &c (determination) 604; bulldog courage.

prowess, heroism, chivalry.

exploit, feat, achievement; heroic deed, heroic act; bold stroke.

man, man of mettle; hero, demigod, Amazon, Hector; lion, tiger, panther, bulldog; gamecock, fighting-cock; bully, fire eater &c 863.

take courage, muster courage, summon up courage, pluck up courage; nerve oneself, take heart; take heart, pluck up heart of grace; hold up one's head, screw one's courage to the sticking place; come up to scratch; stick to one's guns, standfire^†, stand against; bear up, bear up against; hold out &c (persevere) 604.1.

put a bold face upon; show a bold front, present a bold front; show fight; face the music.

bell the cat, take the bull by the horns, beard the lion in his den, march up to the cannon's mouth, go through fire and water, run the gantlet.

give courage, infuse courage, inspire courage; reassure, encourage, embolden, inspirit, cheer, nerve, put upon one's mettle, rally, raise a rallying cry; pat on the back, make a man of., keep in countenance.

Adj. courageous, brave; valiant, valorous; gallant, intrepid; spirited, spiritful^†; high-spirited, high-mettled^†; mettlesome, plucky; manly, manful; resolute; stout, stout-hearted; iron-hearted, lion-hearted; heart of oak; Penthesilean.

bold, bold-spirited; daring, audacious; fearless, dauntless, dreadless^†, aweless; undaunted, unappalled, undismayed, unawed, unblanched, unabashed, unalarmed, unflinching, unshrinking^†, unblanching^†, unapprehensive; confident, self-reliant; bold as a lion, bold as brass.

enterprising, adventurous; venturous, venturesome; dashing, chivalrous; soldierly &c (warlike) 722; heroic.

fierce, savage; pugnacious &c (bellicose) 720.

strong-minded, hardy, doughty; firm &c (stable) 150; determined &c (resolved) 604; dogged, indomitable &c (persevering) 604.1.

up to, up to the scratch; upon one's mettle; reassured &c v.; unfeared^†, undreaded^†.

poltroonery, baseness; dastardness^†, dastardy^†; abject fear, funk; Dutch courage; fear &c 860; white feather, faint heart; cold feet [U.S.], yellow streak [Slang].

coward, poltroon, dastard, sneak, recreant; shy cock, dunghill cock; coistril^†, milksop, white liver, lily liver, nidget^†, one that cannot say 'boo' to a goose; slink; Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak.

alarmist, terrorist^†, pessimist; runagate &c (fugitive) 623.

weak-minded; infirm of purpose &c 605; weak-hearted, fainthearted, chickenhearted, henhearted^†, lilyhearted, pigeon-hearted; white-livered^†, lily-livered, milk-livered^†; milksop, smock-faced; unable to say 'boo' to a goose.

dastard, dastardly; base, craven, sneaking, dunghill, recreant; unwarlike, unsoldier-like.

in face a lion but in heart a deer.

unmanned; frightened &c 860.

Int. sauve qui peut! [Fr.], every man for himself! [Fr.Tr.]; devil take the hindmost!,

Phr. ante tubam trepidat [Lat.], one's courage oozing out; degeneres animos timor arguit [Lat.] [Vergil].
863. Rashness -- N. rashness &c adj.; temerity, want of caution, imprudence, indiscretion; overconfidence, presumption, audacity.

precipitancy, precipitation; impetuosity; levity; foolhardihood^†, foolhardiness; heedlessness, thoughtlessness &c (inattention) 458; carelessness &c (neglect) 460; desperation; Quixotism, knight-errantry; fire eating.

gaming, gambling; blind bargain, leap in the dark, leap of faith, fool's paradise; too many eggs in one basket.

desperado, rashling^†, madcap, daredevil, Hotspur, fire eater, bully, bravo, Hector, scapegrace, enfant perdu [Fr.]; Don Quixote, knight-errant, Icarus; adventurer; gambler, gamester; dynamitard^†; boomer [U.S.].