Int. hold!, stop!, enough!, avast!, have done!, a truce to!, soft!, leave off!, tenez! [Fr.], Phr

sustain, uphold, hold up, keep on foot; follow up, perpetuate; maintain; preserve &c 604.1; harp upon &c (repeat) 104.

keep going, keep alive, keep the pot boiling, keep up the ball, keep up the good work; die in harness, die with one's boots on; hold on the even tenor of one's way, pursue the even tenor of one's way.

let be; stare super antiquas vias [Lat.]; quieta non movere [Lat.]; let things take their course; stare decisis (Jurisprudence).

[photography] [conversion of currency] conversion of currency, exchange of currency; exchange rate; bureau de change.

chemistry, alchemy; progress, growth, lapse, flux.

passage; transit, transition; transmigration, shifting &c v.; phase; conjugation; convertibility.

crucible, alembic, caldron, retort.

convert, pervert, renegade, apostate.

convert into, resolve into; make, render; mold, form &c 240; remodel, new model, refound^†, reform, reorganize; assimilate to, bring to, reduce to.

turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a storm.

alternation &c (periodicity) 138; inversion &c 219; recoil &c 277; retreat, regression, retrogression &c 283; restoration &c 660; relapse, recidivism &c 661; atavism; vicinism^†;

V. revert, turn back, regress; relapse &c 661; recoil &c 277; retreat &c 283; restore &c 660; undo, unmake; turn the tide, roll back the tide, turn the scale, tip the scale.

Adj. reverting &c v.; regressive, revulsive, reactionary; retrorse^†.

Adv. a rebours [Fr.].
146. [Sudden or violent change.] Revolution -- N. revolution, bouleversement, subversion, break up; destruction &c 162; sudden change, radical change, sweeping organic change; change of state, phase change; quantum leap, quantum jump; clean sweep, coup d'etat [Fr.], counter revolution.

jump, leap, plunge, jerk, start, transilience^†; explosion; spasm, convulsion, throe, revulsion; storm, earthquake, cataclysm.

legerdemain &c (trick) 545.

V. revolutionize; new model, remodel, recast; strike out something new, break with the past; change the face of, unsex.

Adj. unrecognizable; revolutionary.
147. [Change of one thing for another.] Substitution -- N. substitution, commutation; supplanting &c v.; metaphor, metonymy &c (figure of speech) 521.

[Thing substituted] substitute, ersatz, makeshift, temporary expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller [Fr.], stopgap, jury rigging, jury mast, locum tenens, warming pan, dummy, scapegoat; double; changeling; quid pro quo, alternative.

representative &c (deputy) 759; palimpsest.

price, purchase money, consideration, equivalent.

V. substitute, put in the place of, change for; make way for, give place to; supply the place of, take the place of; supplant, supersede, replace, cut out, serve as a substitute; step into stand in the shoes of; jury rig, make a shift with, put up with; borrow from Peter to pay Paul, take money out of one pocket and put it in another, cannibalize; commute, redeem, compound for.

Adj. substituted &c; ersatz; phony; vicarious, subdititious^†.

Adv. instead; in place of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room of; faute de mieux [Fr.].
148. [Double or mutual change.] Interchange -- N. interchange, exchange; commutation, permutation, intermutation; reciprocation, transposition, rearrangement; shuffling; alternation, reciprocity; castling (at chess); hocus-pocus.

interchangeableness^†, interchangeability.

recombination; combination &c 48.

barter &c 794; tit for tat &c (retaliation) 718; cross fire, battledore and shuttlecock; quid pro quo.

rearrange, recombine.

combinatorial [Math.].

recombinant [Biol.].

Adv. in exchange, vice versa, mutatis mutandis [Lat.], backwards and forwards, by turns, turn and turn about; each in his turn, everyone in his turn.
2. COMPLEX CHANGE
149. Changeableness -- N. changeableness &c adj.; mutability, inconstancy; versatility, mobility; instability, unstable equilibrium; vacillation &c (irresolution) 605; fluctuation, vicissitude; alternation &c (oscillation) 314.

restlessness &c adj.. fidgets, disquiet; disquietude, inquietude; unrest; agitation &c 315.

moon, Proteus, chameleon, quicksilver, shifting sands, weathercock, harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers^†; wheel of Fortune; transientness &c 111 [Obs.].

V. fluctuate, vary, waver, flounder, flicker, flitter, flit, flutter, shift, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate, wamble^†, turn and turn about, ring the changes; sway to and fro, shift to and fro; change and change about; waffle, blow with the wind (irresolute) 605; oscillate &c 314; vibrate between, two extremes, oscillate between, two extremes; alternate; have as man phases as the moon.

Adj. changeable, changeful; changing &c 140; mutable, variable, checkered, ever changing; protean, proteiform^†; versatile.

unstaid^†, inconstant; unsteady, unstable, unfixed, unsettled; fluctuating &c v.; restless; agitated &c 315; erratic, fickle; irresolute &c 605; capricious &c 608; touch and go; inconsonant, fitful, spasmodic; vibratory; vagrant, wayward; desultory; afloat; alternating; alterable, plastic, mobile; transient &c 111; wavering.

establishment, fixture; rock, pillar, tower, foundation, leopard's spots, Ethiopia's skin.

permanence &c 141; obstinacy &c 606.

V. be firm &c adj.; stick fast; stand firm, keep firm, remain firm; weather the storm, stay the course, stick to the course, keep the faith, don't give in, don't buckle under.

settle, establish, stablish^†, ascertain, fix, set, stabilitate^†; retain, keep hold; make good, make sure; fasten &c (join) 43; set on its legs, float; perpetuate.

settle down; strike roots, put down roots, take root; take up one's abode &c 184; build one's house on a rock.

Adj. unchangeable, immutable; unaltered, unalterable; not to be changed, constant; permanent &c 141; invariable, undeviating; stable, durable; perennial &c (diuturnal) 110 [Obs.].

fixed, steadfast, firm, fast, steady, balanced; confirmed, valid; fiducial^†; immovable, irremovable, riveted, rooted; settled, established &c v.; vested; incontrovertible, stereotyped, indeclinable.

tethered, anchored, moored, at anchor, on a rock, rock solid, firm as a rock; firmly seated, firmly established &c v.; deep-rooted, ineradicable; inveterate; obstinate &c 606.

transfixed, stuck fast, aground, high and dry, stranded.

indefeasible, irretrievable, intransmutable^†, incommutable^†, irresoluble^†, irrevocable, irreversible, reverseless^†, inextinguishable, irreducible; indissoluble, indissolvable^†; indestructible, undying, imperishable, incorruptible, indelible, indeciduous^†; insusceptible, insusceptible of change.

business, concern, transaction, dealing, proceeding; circumstance, particular, casualty, accident, adventure, passage, crisis, pass, emergency, contingency, consequence; opportunity (occasion) 143.

the world, life, things, doings, affairs in general; things in general, affairs in general; the times, state of affairs, order of the day; course of things, tide of things, stream of things, current of things, run of things, march of things, course of events; ups and downs of life, vicissitudes of life; chapter of accidents &c (chance) 156; situation &c (circumstances) 8.

V. happen, occur; take place, take effect; come, become of; come off, comeabout^†, come round, come into existence, come forth, come to pass, come on; pass, present itself; fall; fall out, turn out; run, be on foot, fall in; befall, betide, bechance^†; prove, eventuate, draw on; turn up, crop up, spring up, pop up, arise, show up, show its face, appear, come forth, cast up; supervene, survene^†; issue, arrive, ensue, arise, start, hold, take its course; pass off &c (be past) 122.

meet with; experience, enjoy, encounter, undergo, suffer, pass through, go through, be subjected to, be exposed to; fall to the lot of; be one's chance, be one's fortune, be one's lot; find; endure &c (feel) 821.

eventful, stirring, bustling, full of incident; memorable, momentous, signal.

CAUSATION

spring, fountain, well, font; fountainhead, spring head, wellhead; fons et origo [Lat.], genesis; descent &c (paternity) 166; remote cause; influence.

pivot, hinge, turning point, lever, crux, fulcrum; key; proximate cause, causa causans [Lat.]; straw that breaks the camel's back.

ground; reason, reason why; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion, derivation; final cause &c (intention) 620; les dessous des cartes [Fr.]; undercurrents.

rudiment.

egg, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix radical, etymon, nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap-root, gemmule^†, radicle, semen, sperm.

nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birthplace, hotbed.

causality, causation; origination; production &c 161.

procure, induce, draw down, open the door to, superinduce, evoke, entail, operate; elicit, provoke.

conduce to &c (tend to) 176; contribute; have a hand in the pie, have a finger in the pie; determine, decide, turn the scale; have a common origin; derive its origin &c (effect) 154.

Adj. caused &c v.; causal, original; primary, primitive, primordial; aboriginal; protogenal^†; radical; embryonic, embryotic^†; in embryo, in ovo [Lat.]; seminal, germinal; at the bottom of; connate, having a common origin.

Adv. because &c 155; behind the scenes.

Phr. causa latet vis est notissima [Lat.] [Ovid]; felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas [Lat.] [Vergil].
154. [Constant sequent.] Effect -- N. effect, consequence; aftergrowth^†, aftercome^†; derivative, derivation; result; resultant, resultance^†; upshot, issue, denouement; end &c 67; development, outgrowth, fruit, crop, harvest, product, bud.

production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature, creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits^†, firstlings; heredity, telegony^†; premices premises^†.

take the consequences, sow the wind and reap the whirlwind.

filiation^†, affiliation; pedigree &c (paternity) 166.

explanation &c (interpretation) 522; reason why &c (cause) 153.

V. attribute to, ascribe to, impute to, refer to, lay to, point to, trace to, bring home to; put down to, set down to, blame; charge on, ground on; invest with, assign as cause, lay at, the door of, father upon; account for, derive from, point out the reason &c 153; theorize; tell how it comes; put the saddle on the right horse.

Adj. attributed &c v.; attributable &c v.; referable to, referrible to^†, due to, derivable from; owing to &c (effect) 154; putative; ecbatic^†.

Adv. hence, thence, therefore, for, since, on account of, because, owing to; on that account; from this cause, from that cause; thanks to, forasmuch as; whence, propter hoc [Lat.].

why? wherefore? whence? how comes it, how is it, how happens it? how does it happen? in some way, in some such way; somehow, somehow or other.

probability, possibility, odds; long odds, run of luck; accidentalness; main chance, odds on, favorable odds.

contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; situation (circumstance) 8.

statistics, theory of Probabilities, theory of Chances; bookmaking; assurance; speculation, gaming &c 621.

There but for the grace of God go I

ability; ableness &c adj.^†; competency; efficacy; efficiency, productivity, expertise (skill) 698; validity, cogency; enablement^†; vantage ground; influence &c 175.

pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; atomic power, nuclear power, thermonuclear power; fuel cell; hydraulic power, water power, hydroelectric power; solar power, solar energy, solar panels; tidal power; wind power; attraction; vis inertiae [Lat.], vis mortua [Lat.], vis viva [Lat.]; potential energy, dynamic energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live wire.

capability, capacity; quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent [Lat.]; faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property, qualification, susceptibility.

give power, confer power, exercise power &c n.; empower, enable, invest; indue^†, endue; endow, arm; strengthen &c 159; compel &c 744.

forcible &c adj.. (energetic) 171; influential &c 175; productive &c 168.

telum imbelle [Lat.], brutum fulmen [Lat.], blank, blank cartridge, flash in the pan, vox et proeterea nihil [Lat.], dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy; paper tiger; Quaker gun.

inefficacy &c (inutility) 645 [Obs.]; failure &c 732.

helplessness &c adj.; prostration, paralysis, palsy, apoplexy, syncope, sideration^†, deliquium [Lat.], collapse, exhaustion, softening of the brain, inanition; emasculation, orchiotomy [Med.], orchotomy [Med.].

cripple, old woman, muff, powder puff, creampuff, pussycat, wimp, mollycoddle; eunuch.