Enhanced scope and sequence
Download 0.96 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Attachment B: Sample Grading Rubric for “Map of World War II”
- Attachment C: Propaganda Poster Analysis
- Attachment D: The Atomic Bomb Decision
- Attachment E: Consider Your Options
- Attachment F: Sample Assessment Items
Session 11: AssessmentMaterialsAttachment F: Sample Assessment Items Instructional Activities1. Have students complete the sample assessment items on Attachment F. Attachment A: Fascism and the Axis Powers
Attachment B: Sample Grading Rubric for “Map of World War II”Name: Date:
Teacher Comments: Attachment C: Propaganda Poster AnalysisName: Date: Number/Title of Poster: 1. What is the primary objective of this poster? 2. What strategies were used to reach this objective? Provide a specific example that illustrates each strategy used. Many posters use more than one strategy. Strategy: ____________________________ Example: _________________________ Strategy: ____________________________ Example: _________________________ Strategy: ____________________________ Example: _________________________ 3. Are the messages in the poster primarily visual, verbal, or both? Explain. 4. Who is the intended audience for the poster? Explain your answer. 5. The most effective posters use symbols that are unusual, simple, and direct. Is this an effective poster? Why, or why not? Adapted from the “Poster Analysis Worksheet” created by the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Attachment D: The Atomic Bomb DecisionDid the United States have no other choice but to drop the bomb? The few decision makers who knew about the Manhattan Project always assumed that the atomic bomb would be used against Germany or Japan. Some, like Major General Groves, who was the head of the project, thought it could be decisive in ending the war. Harry S. Truman, who was sworn in as president after Roosevelt’s death, had no knowledge of the atomic bomb. He was in office fewer than three months when he was confronted with the decision of whether to use this new type of bomb or not. He saw the atomic bomb principally as a means to end the war quickly and thereby save American lives. In Japan, a peace faction in the military-dominated Japanese government had begun to realize that a way had to be found to negotiate an end to the war. However, the Allied demand for “unconditional surrender” was regarded as unacceptable and rejected. While many Americans hated Emperor Hirohito, Undersecretary of State Joseph Grew nonetheless argued that the Japanese might surrender if allowed to retain their emperor. He also asserted that the emperor would be “the sole stabilizing force” capable of making the Japanese armed forces accept a surrender order. Truman ultimately did not accept Grew’s advice because he foresaw much resistance to modifying the Allied policy. Tensions grew between the Soviet Union and the United States, especially in terms of Soviet domination of Poland and other Eastern European countries in the spring of 1945. Secretary of War Stimson hoped that American possession of the atomic bomb might help persuade the Soviets to “play ball” in Europe and elsewhere. Some Manhattan Project scientists felt that the bomb project had been a response to the threat from Germany. Attacking Japan without first providing a warning and an opportunity to surrender, they felt, would weaken, “our moral position...in the eyes of the world.” They also were concerned that without telling the Soviets first, the use of the bomb would increase the chances of an uncontrolled nuclear arms race. These concerns did not reach Truman because all the scientists’ messages were blocked by Secretary of State Byrnes, Major General Groves, and others. The decision to drop the bomb was made in an effort to save American lives. Estimates of the number of American casualties that the planned invasion of Japan would have cost varied widely. One estimate set the number at 31,000, while other estimates were more proportional to the losses at Okinawa. Truman was concerned that invasion of Japan would result in another Okinawa. Added to the American losses would be many Japanese casualties, both military and civilian. To prevent an invasion and to save as many lives as possible, Truman chose to use the atomic bomb. Based on information available after the war, the United States Strategic Bombing Survey concluded in 1946 that, “Certainly prior to 31 December 1945, and in all probability prior to 1 November 1945, Japan would have surrendered even if the atomic bombs had not been dropped, even if Russia had not entered the war, and even if no invasion has been planned or contemplated.” The United States naval blockade was strangling Japan, which depended totally on imported fuel, while conventional bombing was destroying its infrastructure. Stimson and other postwar observers, however, doubted that Japan’s rulers would have accepted unconditional surrender if the home islands had not been invaded or if the atomic bombs had not been dropped. Attachment E: Consider Your OptionsName: Date: Consider three options for resolving a historical question. Discuss the positive and negative consequences of each option. Place your answers in the chart below. 
Attachment F: Sample Assessment ItemsAsterisk (*) indicates correct answer.
Directory: Document Document -> Concept stage Document -> Concept stage Document -> The great global switch-off Document -> Physical custody of 1033 program property accountibility form statement of Physical Custody: By signing for the below 1033 property I am a Law Enforcement Officer of the aforementioned Law Enforcement Agency Document -> Memorandum of agreement Document -> Nonprofit grant application Document -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide Download 0.96 Mb. Share with your friends:
|