Exercise 1 corresponds to 8A, develop your thesis, in a writer’s resource

Instructions: Read the following excerpts from a student’s research paper. Then

answer the questions that follow. Type or write the letter of the correct answer in the

space at the right.

1. Which of the following does the sentence contain? _____

b. A paraphrase

c. A direct quotation

2. Which style does the student use to include researched material? _____

b. APA
c. Can’t tell

Commenting upon the development of the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan, an important scientist and historian of scientific thought relates that “in a post-war meeting with President Harry Truman, J. Robert Oppenheimer--the scientific director of the Manhattan...Project--mournfully commented that scientists had bloody hands; they had now known sin. Afterwards, Truman instructed his aides that he never wished to see Oppenheimer again”(Sagan 284).

b. APA
c. Can’t tell

4. Who is the author of the material the student cites in this paragraph? _____
a. Harry Truman

b. Carl Sagan

c. J. Robert Oppenheimer

5. Which of the following does the sentence contain? _____

b. A paraphrase

c. A direct quotation

6. What does the inclusion of the ellipses (...) mean? _____

from the incorporated material.

heighten the dramatic effect.

In A Short History of Africa, we learn that:

territory had been given to the South African government. After the Second World

which was complete by 1969.(Oliver & Fage, 1994, p. 234)

7. Which style does the student use to cite researched material? _____

b. APA
c. Can’t tell

8. Why is this material indented and not placed

within quotation marks? _____

9. Who wrote the book from which the quotations is taken? _____

10. Why are the words of South-West Africa in brackets in line one? ______

b. They were inserted by the student for the sake of clarity

Instructions: In each of the following items are three versions of an entry that could appear in a Works-Cited page, a listing of sources for a research paper using the Modern Language Association (MLA) style. Choose the correct version and type or write its letter on the line to the right.

1. a. Van Doren, Charles. A History of Knowledge. New York: Ballantine, 1991.

b. Charles Van Doren. A History of Knowledge. New York: Ballantine, 1991.

c. Van Doren, Charles. (1991). A history of knowledge. New York: Ballantine. _____

2. a. Roland Oliver and J.D. Fage. A Short History of Africa. Penguin, 1995.

b. Oliver, R. and Fage, J.D. (1995). A short history of Africa.

Penguin, 1995.

c. Oliver, Roland, and J.D. Fage. A Short History of Africa. London:

Penguin, 1995. _____

3. a. William J. Bennet, The De-Valuing of America: The Fight for Our

Culture and Our Children. New York, Touchstone, 1992.

b. Bennet, William J. The De-Valuing of America, The Fight for

c. Bennet, William J. The De-Valuing of America: The Fight for

4. a. Kohler, Dayton. “Willa Cather: 1876-1947.” College English 9

(1947): 8-18.

b. Dayton Kohler. “Willa Cather: 1876-1947.” College English 9

(1947): 8-18.

b. Kohler, D. “Willa Cather: 1876-1947.” College English 9 (1947): 8-18. _____

5. a. Joseph Gies & Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval City. New York:

Harper, 1981.

b. Gies, Joseph and Frances Gies. (1981). Life in a Medieval City. New York:

Harper.

Harper, 1981. _____

CORRESPONDS TO 29, APA STYLE: IN-TEXT CITATIONS, IN A WRITER’S RESOURCE

Instructions: In each of the following items are three versions of an entry that could appear in a References page, a listing of sources for a research paper using the American Psychological Association (APA) style. Choose the correct version and type or write its letter on the line to the right.

1. a. Cohen, C. (1997). Communism, fascism and democracy (3d ed). McGraw-Hill,

New York.

b. Cohen, Carl. Communism, fascism and democracy (3d ed). New York:

McGraw-Hill, 1997.

c. Cohen, C. (1997). Communism, fascism and democracy (3d ed). New York:

McGraw-Hill. _____

2. a. Sowell, Thomas. Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception,

b. Sowell, T. (1993). Inside American education: The decline, the

c. Thomas Sowell, (1993). Inside American education: The decline, the

3. a. Rees, M. J. (1990, November). “Black holes in galactic centers.”

b. Rees, M. J. (1990, November). Black holes in galactic centers.

c. Rees, M. J. (1990, November). Black Holes in Galactic Centers.

4. a. E. Lane, (1992, November 20). Black hole snapshot: Scientists think

that’s what Hubble photo may be. Newsday, page 7.

b. Lane, E. Black hole snapshot: Scientists think that’s what

Hubble photo may be. Newsday, (1992, November 20), p. 7.

c. Lane, E. (1992, November 20). Black hole snapshot: Scientists think

that’s what Hubble photo may be. Newsday, p. 7. _____
5. a. Thomas, Cal. (1993). The Things That Matter Most. New York:

HarperCollins.

b. Thomas, C. (1993). The Things That Matter Most. New York:

HarperCollins.

c. Thomas, C. (1993). The things that matter most. New York:

HarperCollins. _____

Instructions: Revise the following sentences in the spaces provided to eliminate repetition.

1. A famous and noteworthy African-American diplomat, Ralph Bunche won the Nobel

Prize for Peace in 1950.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. A year earlier than this, Bunche negotiated a successful agreement ending the dispute

between the Arabs and the Israelis and their struggle over Palestine.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Bunche served in the US State Department during World War II, and he was

instrumental in playing an important role in the San Francisco conference at which

preliminary preparations for the formation of United Nations were being planned.

4. In 1956, Bunche was asked to oversee and supervise the deployment of a UN

peacekeeping force that was sent to the area of the Suez Canal, which had been invaded

by French, British, and Israeli troops.

5. In 1960, he was put in charge of UN forces that were sent to the Congo, which was

experiencing a great deal of political unrest at this point in time. Four years later,

Bunche used his brilliant genius for negotiations to work out a plan that would cease

hostilities between the Greek and Turkish residents of the island of Cyprus, who were

battling each other.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences to make them more direct.

1. Both Abraham Lincoln and George Washington were born in the month of February.

_______________________________________________________________

2. When he was young, George Washington was a surveyor who measured land.

3. Before entering into the study of law, Abraham Lincoln was a man who split logs and

piloted rafts down the river.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

4. By 1860 the North and the South could not arrive at an agreement on the future of

slavery or of the nation.

_________________________________________________________________

5. While both Washington and Lincoln faced strong opposition during their terms as

president, at the present time both men enjoy almost universal respect and admiration.

_________________________________________________________________

6. The Food and Drug Administration conducted a test of the new anti-AIDS vaccine.

7. Cecil Rhodes believed that a railway constructed from Cape Town to Cairo would

improve transportation and commerce throughout the continent of Africa.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

8. It is denied by many archaeologists that the lost continent of Atlantis was more than

just a myth.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

9. The geologists conducted an analysis of the mineral deposits that were found in the

soil.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. During the month of July, the whole of the southern hemisphere is in the season of

winter.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 12

CORRESPONDS TO 39, MISSING WORDS, IN A WRITER’S RESOURCE

Instructions: Revise the following sentences in the spaces provided to include necessary words.

Example: Maurice kicked his feet and relaxed.
Maurice kicked up his feet and relaxed

1. The professor explained the Etruscans pre-dated the rise of Roman civilization in Italy.

2. One theory about the coming of the Etruscans to Italy can be traced to

Greek historian named Herodotus.
________________________________________________________________________

3. Herodotus believed the Etruscans, who came to Italy about 3200 years ago, once lived

in Asia Minor.
________________________________________________________________________

4 They created a civilization more advanced than of any people living in Italy in that time.

5. The tongue that the Etruscans spoke was strange; it can be likened to no other

type language we now know.
________________________________________________________________________

6. The class listened to the account of the San Francisco earthquake intently as possible.

________________________________________________________________________

7. In fact, the earthquake of 1906 will probably be regarded one of the

most devastating natural disasters in American history, but none of us knew

that it had been so destructive.

8. The annihilation, wrought upon a city that was totally unprepared for a major

earthquake, was great as can be imagined.
________________________________________________________________________

9. Indeed, old San Francisco was nearly obliterated, but the rebirth of

the city only a few years later has and always will be one of the most

inspiring stories in the history of California.

10. Today, buildings in earthquake zones are constructed with technologies

designed to withstand earth tremors; perhaps future earthquakes may not

cause tragedies horrible as those people once suffered.

Instructions: The following items contain three versions of the same sentence. Write or type the letter of the correct version on the line to the right.

Example:
a. Jenn watched the house and eats all the food.

b. Jenn watched the house and will eat all the food.

c. Jenn watched the house and ate all the food.
C

1. a. Fire destroyed the village, and the countryside was burned.

b. Fire destroyed the village and burned the countryside.

c. Fire destroyed the village and burns the countryside.

2. a. Monica and Elizabeth could not find Sarah’s house; they have taken the wrong road.

b. Monica and Elizabeth could not find Sarah’s house; the wrong road had been taken.

c. Monica and Elizabeth could not find Sarah’s house; they had taken the wrong road.

3. a. There must be a hundred crows in the field; the corn was what they were eating.

b. There must be a hundred crows in the field; the corn is what they have eaten.

c. There must be a hundred crows in the field; they are eating the corn.

4. a. Peter stayed home all afternoon and watched TV.

b. Peter was staying home all afternoon and watched TV.

c. Peter stayed home all afternoon and the TV was watched.

5. a. Every time Charlotte has gone to Europe she enjoys eating in expensive

restaurants.

b. Every time Charlotte went to Europe she enjoys eating in expensive restaurants.

c. Every time Charlotte goes to Europe she enjoys eating in expensive restaurants.
__________

6. a. When Georgia graduated from the university, she found a job immediately.

b. When Georgia graduated from the university, she had found a job immediately.

c. When Georgia graduated from the university, she was finding a job

immediately.
__________

7. a. I visited my grandfather yesterday, and I came back before seven o’clock.

b. I visited my grandfather yesterday, and I come back before seven o’clock.

c. I visited my grandfather yesterday, and I had come back before seven o’clock.

8. a. As soon as it started raining, everybody left the park.

b. As soon as it started raining, everybody was leaving the park.

c. As soon as it started raining, the park had been left.

9. a. When Nicholas was in college his major will be chemistry.

b. When Nicholas was in college his major is chemistry.

c. When Nicholas was in college his major was chemistry.

b. While I was drinking a glass of chocolate milk, the mailman came.

c. While I was drinking a glass of chocolate milk, the mailman is coming.
__________

11. a. Marie wanted to start her own business and make a lot of money.

b. Marie wanted to start her own business and made a lot of money.

c. Marie wanted to start her own business and had made a lot of money.

12. a. He did not want to go to the party with us, so I did not ask him again if he

was needing a ride.

b. He did not want to go to the party with us, so I did not ask him again if he

needs a ride.

c. He did not want to go to the party with us, so I did not ask him again if he needed a ride.

13. a. Last semester I took so many classes that I did not have enough time to study

for any of them.

b. Last semester I took so many classes that I was not having enough time to

study for any of them.

c. Last semester I took so many classes that I did not had enough time to study

for any of them.
__________

14. a. We had just gone to bed when we had heard a scream.

b. We had just gone to bed when we heard a scream.

c. We had just gone to bed when a scream was heard.

15. a. A storm could be seen approaching as they came over the top of the hill.

b. They could see a storm approaching as they come over the top of the hill.

c. They could see a storm approaching as they came over the top of the hill.

__________

EXERCISE 14

CORRESPONDS TO 41B, KEEP VERB TENSES CONSISTENT, IN A WRITER’S RESOURCE

Instructions: Are the underlined verbs in the following items correct? If not, write or type the correct form of the verb in the space to the right. If they are correct, write or type C in the space.

1. In 1968, after the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Rev. Ralph

Abernathy become head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. ________

2. When Charles Kingsley, an English clergyman, made disparaging remarks about

Roman Catholic clergy, John Cardinal Newman responds with his Apology. ________

3. The Kiowa Indians, who now number about 10,000, are allied with the

Comanches against further white settlement during the nineteenth century. _________

4. “Delicatessen” comes from two German words that meant

“delicate” and “to eat.” ________

5. Traveling through Africa last year, she visits parts of

what was once Togoland. ________

6. My brother is a regular Mozart. He is showing interest in the violin

ever since he was four years old. _________

7. The city of Philadelphia takes its name from an ancient Greek phrase that

8. The Greeks believed that before Zeus came to power the universe

9. The sonnet, a fourteen-line poem popularized by Petrarch and

Shakespeare, was also used by poets practicing their craft today. _________

10. When they looked through the telescope, they saw Jupiter’s moon

Ganymede, which the astronomer said was the biggest in our solar system.

_________

11. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO), which makes its headquarters in Paris, had been in that

city since its inception in 1946. _________

12. Prior to joining the United States in 1845, Texas was

an independent republic and before that part of Mexico. _________

13. United States citizens began to settle in the Mexican territory

of Texas when Stephen Austin leads a group of his countrymen

there in 1821. _________

14. Luckily, Elaine had gotten inoculated just before stepping on a

rusty nail last summer; otherwise she would contract tetanus. _________

15. Before the invention of the sextant (1731), an instrument used to take

the height of stars above the horizon, sea navigation was more difficult.

_________
EXERCISE 15

CORRESPONDS TO 42A, MAKE ITEMS IN A SERIES PARALLEL, AND 42B, MAKE PAIRED ITEMS PARALLEL, IN A WRITER’S RESOURCE

Instructions: The following items contain three versions of the same sentence. In the space provided, write or type the letter of the version that uses correct parallel structure.

Example:
a. Running a restaurant demands patience, it takes knowledge, and it also takes luck.

b. Running a restaurant demands patience, takes knowledge, and requiring luck.

c. Running a restaurant demands patience, knowledge, and luck.
C

1. a. New York City is famous for its Broadway plays, its great restaurants, and it has the Statue of Liberty.

b. New York City is famous for its Broadway plays, its great restaurants, and the Statue of Liberty.

c. New York City is famous for Broadway plays, having great restaurants, and

the Statue of Liberty.
__________

2. a. Landing a man on the moon in 1969 took technical know-how, courage, and it cost a lot of money.

b. Landing a man on the moon in 1969 took technical know-how, courage, and

lots of money.

c. Landing a man on the moon in 1969 took technical know-how, it took courage, and money.
__________

3. a. Before leaving for the weekend we have to wash the dishes, make the beds, and clean the house.

b. Before leaving for the weekend we have to wash the dishes, make the beds,

and cleaning the house.

c. Before leaving for the weekend we have to wash the dishes, and also make the beds, and clean the house.
__________

4. a. The scientific method is the systematic process of correctly framing and then to answer questions.

b. The scientific method is the systematic process of correctly framing and answering questions.

c. The scientific method is the systematic process of correctly framing questions

and then discovering an answer.
__________

5. a. While cars traditionally run on gasoline, more and more automakers are designing cars that run on diesel, ethanol, or powered by electricity.

b. While cars traditionally run on gasoline, more and more automakers are designing cars that run on diesel, on ethanol, or powered by electricity.

c. While cars traditionally run on gasoline, more and more automakers are designing cars that run on diesel, ethanol, or electricity.

6. a. Succeeding in school takes hard work, you need to be focused, and it requires dedication.

b. Succeeding in school takes hard work, focus, and dedication.

c. Succeeding in school requires hard work, it takes focus, and dedication.

7. a. Education has long been a focus in Scotland, which is famous for its many great universities, and also many famous thinkers have come from Scotland.

b. Education has long been a focus in Scotland, which is famous for its many great universities and many famous thinkers.

c. Education has long been a focus in Scotland, which is famous for its many great universities; also many famous thinkers have come from Scotland

8. a. Alfred Adler, the famous psychiatrist, argued that people are driven by feelings of inferiority and attempt to compensate by striving for competence, mastery, and to gain power.

b. Alfred Adler, the famous psychiatrist, argued that people are driven by feelings of inferiority and attempt to compensate by striving for competence, mastery, and power.

c. Alfred Adler, the famous psychiatrist, argued that people are driven by feelings of inferiority and attempting to compensate by striving for competence, mastery, and power.

9. a. Chairs were floating in the air, and the hanging lamp in the kitchen swayed back and forth.

b. Chairs were floating in the air, and the hanging lamp in the kitchen was swaying back and forth.

c. Chairs floated in the air, and the hanging lamp in the kitchen was swaying back and forth.

10. a. We had to stop at the store and get eggs, milk, and we needed bread.

b. We had to stop at the store to get eggs, buy milk, and also we needed bread.

c. We had to stop at the store to get eggs, milk, and bread.

CORRESPONDS TO 43A, PUT MODIFIERS CLOSE TO WORDS THEY MODIFY, 43B, CLARIFY AMBIGUOUS MODIFIERS, AND 43C, MOVE DISRUPTIVE MODIFIERS, IN A WRITER’S RESOURCE

Instructions: The following items contain three versions of the same sentence. Write or type the letter of the correct version on the line to the right.

Example:
a. Belinda rode a camel through the desert.

b. Belinda rode through the desert a camel.

c. Belinda through the desert rode a camel.
A

1. a. As the movie got more and more exciting on the edge of his seat he sat nervously.

b. He sat nervously on the edge of his seat as the movie got more and more exciting.

c. He sat nervously as the movie got more and more exciting on the edge of his seat.

2. a. Jake read the sign written in Spanish on the side of the Mexican highway.

b. Jake read the sign on the side of the Mexican highway written in Spanish.

c. Jake read the sign on the side written in Spanish of the Mexican highway.

3. a. May approached the stage carrying flowers.

b. Carrying flowers, May approached the stage.

c. May approached carrying flowers the stage.

__________
4. a. They climbed the high mountains wearing hiking boots.

b. Wearing hiking boots, they climbed the high mountains.

c. They climbed wearing hiking boots the high mountains.
__________

5. a. The bell, backed into a corner and beaten, barely saved the fighter.

b. Backed into a corner and beaten, the fighter was barely saved by the bell.

c. Backed into a corner and beaten, the bell barely saved the fighter.

6. a. Blazing across the sky, the astronomer watched the comet.

b. The astronomer watched the comet blazing across the sky.

c. Watching the comet, the astronomer blazed across the sky.

7. a. While searching for a job, the classified ads section of the newspaper was what I read.

b. I read the classified ads section of the newspaper while I was searching for a job.

c. The classified ads section of the newspaper, while searching for a job, was what I read.

8. a. Doing one amazing trick after another, the entire audience enjoyed the clever young magician.

b. The entire audience, doing one amazing trick after another, enjoyed the clever young magician.

c. The entire audience enjoyed the clever young magician doing one amazing trick after another.

9. a. Needing a new coat of paint, Lisa worked all afternoon in the bedroom.

b. Working all afternoon in the bedroom, Lisa needed a new coat of paint.

c. Lisa worked all afternoon in the bedroom, which needed a new coat of paint.

10. a. Taking three classes, she felt her summer went by very quickly

b. Taking three classes, the summer went by very quickly.

c. The summer went by very quickly taking three classes.

b. Mrs. Miller toured the cathedral built in the middle-ages.

c. Built in the middle-ages, Mrs. Miller toured the cathedral
__________

12. a. Its surface covered with craters, the spacecraft filmed the giant asteroid from a distance of 750 miles.

b. The spacecraft, its surface covered with craters, filmed the giant asteroid from

a distance of 750 miles.

c. The spacecraft filmed the giant asteroid, its surface covered with craters, from

a distance of 750 miles.

13. a. Leaving her purse unattended, she risked having her money stolen by a thief.

. b. Leaving her purse unattended, a thief could have stolen her money.

c. Leaving her purse unattended, her money could have been stolen by a thief.

14. a. Sitting on the shelf in the living room, George found the missing wallet.

b. Sitting on the shelf, George found the missing wallet in the living room.

c. George found the missing wallet sitting on a shelf in the living room.

15. a. They all watched the train sitting on the bench in the center of town.

b. Sitting on the bench in the center of town, they all watched the train.

c. In the center of town they all watched the train sitting on the bench.