Faà di Bruno, Giovanni Matteo [Horatio, Orazio] Fabbri, Anna Maria
Franck, Theodor. See Theodor of Würzburg. Francke, August Hermann
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- Franckenstein, Clemens (Erwein Heinrich Karl Bonaventura), Freiherr von und zu
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Franck, Theodor.See Theodor of Würzburg. Francke, August Hermann(b Lübeck, 12 March 1663; d Halle, 8 June 1727). German theologian and educator. A major figure in the development of Pietism, he was a leader in the reform of education in German Protestant schools, and founded the celebrated Orphans' School and so-called Franckeschen Foundation in Glaucha, outside Halle. Francke attended the gymnasium in Gotha, 1673–9, and became a theology student at the Erfurt Hochschule in 1679. He then studied for three years at Kiel, and spent a brief period in Hamburg studying Hebrew with the scholar Esdras Edzardus. He completed his university training in Leipzig, received the master's degree in 1685, and stayed in that city to lecture in philosophy. For two years from 1687 he lived in Lüneburg, where he continued his religious studies and also experienced a reawakening of religious commitment. His Pietistic convictions were largely developed through contact with Philipp Jakob Spener in Dresden, with whom he spent two months in 1688. In February 1689 he returned to Leipzig where he lectured to a large number of students in the Collegium Philobiblicum, which he had helped found in 1686. In 1690 Francke's lectures were banned; in March of that year he received a deaconry at the Augustinian church in Erfurt, but critics of Pietism forced him to leave that city in September 1691. Finally, after a brief visit to his home in Gotha, he went to Halle on 7 January 1692 as professor of Eastern languages at the newly formed university, and at the same time became preacher at the Georgenkirche in Glaucha. Francke's singular accomplishment was the founding of the Orphans' School (Waisenhaus) in Glaucha in 1695, which quickly gained wide influence throughout Prussia. By 1711 1500 students were registered in the Franckeschen Foundation, a system of schools in Glaucha including, besides the Orphans' School, the Deutsche Schule (similar to the later Volksschule), the Gymnasium or Pädagogium, and a Lateinschule. In 1698 he became professor of theology at Halle University and minister at the Ulrichskirche there. Among the leading figures of German Pietism, including P.J. Spener and N.L. Graf von Zinzendorf, Francke was most important for his efforts to retain music within the Pietistic philosophy of education. Supported especially by King Friedrich Wilhelm, his school system became a model of educational design for much of Prussian Germany well into the 19th century. Music was made part of the curriculum to bring children to God and to develop upright Christianity. His views on music within the school organization (see Serauky) were developed in three major pronouncements: Ordnung und Lehr-Art, wie selbige in denen zum Waisen-Hausse gehörige Schulen eingeführet ist (1702; an enlarged version of Schulordnung für die Waisen- und übrige Schul Kinder, 1697); Ordnung und Lehr-Art, wie selbige in dem Paedagogio zu Glaucha an Halle eingeführet ist (1702); and Verbesserte Methode des Paedagogii Regii zu Glaucha vor Halle (1721; by Hieronymus Freyer, inspector of the Pädagogiums and Francke's collaborator). Students were allowed two hours of vocal music weekly. Girls received instruction only in the singing of chorales, while boys were also introduced to the principles of contrapuntal music. The goal of teaching students to sing from musical notation became, after 1717, a rule for all Prussian elementary schools. In addition to this regular instruction, which in fact was a reduction by two hours weekly over that found in most earlier school regulations, Francke introduced to the Pädagogium the concept of Recreations-Übungen, one hour daily each morning during the so-called ‘free hour’ when talented students were permitted to study instruments such as the flute, keyboard, lute, viola da gamba, etc., with a ‘Maitre’. Finally, an hour was set aside for those capable of performing in a collegium musicum. Francke's concern for music as an important adjunct to the sacred service influenced his assistant at the Ulrichskirche and later son-in-law, J.A. Freylinghausen, to publish the important collection of Pietistic chorales, Geistreiches Gesang-Buch: den Kern alter und neuer, wie auch die Noten der unbekannten Melodeyen … in sich haltend (Halle, 1704), and part ii as Neues geistreiches Gesang-Buch (Halle, 1714).
GEORGE J. BUELOW Franckenstein, Clemens (Erwein Heinrich Karl Bonaventura), Freiherr von und zu(b Wiesentheid, nr Kitzingen, 14 July 1875; d Hechendorf, nr Munich, 19 Aug 1942). German composer and conductor. He studied composition in Vienna with the Bruckner pupil Victor Bause (until 1894), with Ludwig Thuille at the Bayerische Akademie der Tonkunst, Munich (1894–6) and with Iwan Knorr at the Hoch Conservatory, Frankfurt (1896–8). While in Vienna Franckenstein established important connections with major literary and artistic personalities of his day, including Hugo von Hofmannsthal, through whom he was admitted to the Stefan George Kreis. From Frankfurt, Franckenstein embarked upon a successful career as a conductor, administrator and composer of opera. His conducting career, which began in the USA (1900–01), took him to London, where he was staff conductor with the Moody Manners Opera Company (1902–7). Thereafter he served as a principal staff conductor at the Wiesbaden Hoftheater, and at Richard Strauss’s behest, at the Royal Prussian Opera in Berlin. In 1912 he became the last Hofintendant at the Munich Opera, where he introduced Bruno Walter as Generalmusikdirektor and arranged for first performances of operas by von Klenau, Korngold, Braunfels, Courvoisier, Graener and Pfitzner. Rendered inactive during the Räterrepublik, Franckenstein resumed his responsibilities, now as Bayerischer Staatsintendant, in 1924; he was compulsorily pensioned in 1934 as a result of his disapproval of Nazi cultural policy and propaganda. As an opera composer Franckenstein gained increasing recognition. His first opera, Griseldis (1896–7) was followed by Fortunatus (1901–3), Rahab (Budapest, 1909) and Des Kaisers Dichter Li-Tai-Pe (Hamburg, 1920). While Griseldis (subtitled ‘Mysterium’) and Fortunatus perpetuate the ideals and compositional practices of the post-Wagnerian music drama, Rahab, on a biblical theme, is an example of the large-scale Jugendstil symphonic drama, often exhibiting the kind of exotic and opulent harmonic and orchestral usage encountered in works by Strauss (Salome), Schreker and Zemlinsky. Li-Tai-Pe (1920) is a Künstlerdrama in the tradition of Die Meistersinger with the famous Chinese poet Li Bai as its central figure. Cast in three acts, the work combines motivic development with an extended and recurrent use of closed forms. Franckenstein’s compositions in other genres include programmatic works inspired by Heinrik Ibsen, J.P. Jacobsen and E.T.A. Hoffmann, more abstract works, which after 1925 pay tribute to neo-classicism, and other smaller-scale compositions. It is within the solo piano and orchestral works that his fleeting lyricism, use of leitmotifs and occasional references to modality are particularly effective. Among his song cycles, his setting of Hans Bethge’s Die chinesische Flöte is especially significant. WORKS(selective list)
BIBLIOGRAPHYPEM (A.D. McCredie) G. Franckenstein: Facts and Features of My Life (London, 1929) W. Zentner: ‘Clemens von Franckenstein: zu seinem 60. Geburtstag am 14. Juli 1935’, ZfM, Jg.102 (1935), 740–43 A.D. McCredie: ‘Some Jugendstil Lyric and Dramatic Texts and their Settings’, MMA, xiii (1984), 223–32 A.D. McCredie: Clemens von Franckenstein, Komponisten in Bayern, xxvi (Tutzing, 1992) ANDREW D. McCREDIE Directory: download -> 3062a7ba-8b89-4266-8568-82026f790e50 -> Bibliografia%20Básica download -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations download -> Bbc archives: Beyond the programme download download -> Occupational health and safety download -> Dynatest 3031 lwd light Weight Deflectometer download -> Forth coming competitive exams download -> English Olympiad Tasks: 10 th form Аудіювання, 10 клас. Текст download -> Brush High School Morning Announcements Friday, September 05, 2014 all school download -> Year 9 The Arts — Music download -> Years 7 and 8 standard elaborations — Australian Curriculum: Music draft Bibliografia%20Básica -> Oakeley, Sir Herbert (Stanley) Download 19.1 Mb. Share with your friends:
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