First, freedom of mobility is a ruse

TI = Speed

____ The success of transportation infrastructure depends on speed and efficiency because they are constituents of the modern war machine. The Aff’s emphasis on speed enables military violence.

And only that. This brings me back to some ancient but clear-cut examples. We have two sides of the regulation of speed and wealth. Up until the nineteenth century, society was-founded on the brake. Means of furthering speed were very scant. You had ships, but sailing ships evolved very little between Antiquity and Napoleon's time; the horse even less; and of course there were carrier pigeons. The ·only machine to use speed with and sophistication was the optical telegraph, then the electronic telegraph. In general, up until the nineteenth century, there was no production of speed. They could produce brakes by means of ramparts, the law, rules, interdictions, etc. They could break using all kinds of obstacles. (It's not by chance that ancient society was one of the successive obstacles on the level of people, of morals, of terrotial defmition-whether it was the city walls, taxes, the fortified systems of the Nation-State: all of them were-so many Brakes) suddenly, there's the great revolution that others have called the Industrial Revolution or the Transportation revolution I call it a dromocratic revolution because what was invented was not only, as has been said, the possibility of multiplying similar objects (which to my' mind is a completely limited vision), but especially a means of fabricating speed with the steam engine. then the combustion engine. And so they can pass from age of brakes to the age of the accelerator. In other words power will be invested in acceleration itself. We know that the army has always been the place where pure speed is used, whether in the cavalry-the best horses, of course, were army horses artillery, etc. Still today, the army uses the most prominent speeds-whether it be in missiles or planes. Take the examples of uproar around the American SST. It wasn't built because Americans were very worried at the idea of building a civilian supersonic jet that would go faster than military jets. It's very clear that the hierarchy of speed is ,equivalent to the hierarchy of wealth The two are coupled. And there; indeed, the state of emergency the age of intensiveness; is linked to the primacy of speed not only on the scale of a more or less effective calvary or naval weapon.

____ The success of transportation infrastructure depends on speed and efficiency because they are constituents of the modern war machine. The Aff’s emphasis on speed enables military violence.

And only that. This brings me back to some ancient but clear-cut examples. We have two sides of the regulation of speed and wealth. Up until the nineteenth century, society was-founded on the brake. Means of furthering speed were very scant. You had ships, but sailing ships evolved very little between Antiquity and Napoleon's time; the horse even less; and of course there were carrier pigeons. The ·only machine to use speed with and sophistication was the optical telegraph, then the electronic telegraph. In general, up until the nineteenth century, there was no production of speed. They could produce brakes by means of ramparts, the law, rules, interdictions, etc. They could break using all kinds of obstacles. (It's not by chance that ancient society was one of the successive obstacles on the level of people, of morals, of terrotial defmition-whether it was the city walls, taxes, the fortified systems of the Nation-State: all of them were-so many Brakes) suddenly, there's the great revolution that others have called the Industrial Revolution or the Transportation revolution I call it a dromocratic revolution because what was invented was not only, as has been said, the possibility of multiplying similar objects (which to my' mind is a completely limited vision), but especially a means of fabricating speed with the steam engine. then the combustion engine. And so they can pass from age of brakes to the age of the accelerator. In other words power will be invested in acceleration itself. We know that the army has always been the place where pure speed is used, whether in the cavalry-the best horses, of course, were army horses artillery, etc. Still today, the army uses the most prominent speeds-whether it be in missiles or planes. Take the examples of uproar around the American SST. It wasn't built because Americans were very worried at the idea of building a civilian supersonic jet that would go faster than military jets. It's very clear that the hierarchy of speed is ,equivalent to the hierarchy of wealth The two are coupled. And there; indeed, the state of emergency the age of intensiveness; is linked to the primacy of speed not only on the scale of a more or less effective calvary or naval weapon.

Airplane

____ Airplane transportation collapses space time between destinations. Distance is undermined by a flattening of time, which produces anxieties that hold the potential for war and violence.

Virilio and Lotringer 83 (Paul and Sylver, Paul Virilio philosopher, Sylvère Lotringer, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of French literature and philosophy at Columbia University., Pure War, pg. 44-45).

We generally distinguish three types of distance. Space distance is the day of walking or the kilometer to simplify then time-distance., the kilometer/hour; and finally speed-distance, which is the mach. Movement, is no longer indexed according to metrics but to the speed of sound. Thirty years ago, for example it took 24 hours to go from Paris to New York. Now it takes three and a half. By the end of this century, with the hydrogen jet, it will take only half an hour. But at the same time it still takes over three and a half hours to go from Paris to Corsica. So there is a deregulation of distance which causes time-distances to replace space-distances. Geography is replaced by chronology. The mach-meter of the Concorde replaces the kilometer. There’s something very important in that. We have begun to inhibit time. For a long time the city existed where it was. Paris was in Paris and Rome was in Rome. There was a territorial and geographical inertia. Now there’s an inertia in time, a polar inertia in the sense that the pole is simultaneously an absolute place (for the metaphor), absolute inertia which is geographically locatable and also an absolute inertia in the planets movement. Were heading toward a situation in which every city will be the same place – in the time. There will be a kind of coexistence and probably not a very peaceful one, between these cities which have kept their distance in space but will be telescoped in time. When we can go to the antipodes in a second or a minute, what will remain of the city? What will remain of us? The difference of sedentariness in geographical space will continue but real life will be led in a polar inertia.

____ Airplane transportation collapses space time between destinations. Distance is undermined by a flattening of time, which produces anxieties that hold the potential for war and violence.

Virilio and Lotringer 83 (Paul and Sylver, Paul Virilio philosopher, Sylvère Lotringer, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of French literature and philosophy at Columbia University., Pure War, pg. 44-45).

We generally distinguish three types of distance. Space distance is the day of walking or the kilometer to simplify then time-distance., the kilometer/hour; and finally speed-distance, which is the mach. Movement, is no longer indexed according to metrics but to the speed of sound. Thirty years ago, for example it took 24 hours to go from Paris to New York. Now it takes three and a half. By the end of this century, with the hydrogen jet, it will take only half an hour. But at the same time it still takes over three and a half hours to go from Paris to Corsica. So there is a deregulation of distance which causes time-distances to replace space-distances. Geography is replaced by chronology. The mach-meter of the Concorde replaces the kilometer. There’s something very important in that. We have begun to inhibit time. For a long time the city existed where it was. Paris was in Paris and Rome was in Rome. There was a territorial and geographical inertia. Now there’s an inertia in time, a polar inertia in the sense that the pole is simultaneously an absolute place (for the metaphor), absolute inertia which is geographically locatable and also an absolute inertia in the planets movement. Were heading toward a situation in which every city will be the same place – in the time. There will be a kind of coexistence and probably not a very peaceful one, between these cities which have kept their distance in space but will be telescoped in time. When we can go to the antipodes in a second or a minute, what will remain of the city? What will remain of us? The difference of sedentariness in geographical space will continue but real life will be led in a polar inertia.

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