Foot-loose and fancy-free By Angie Debo
Treaty of Surrender by General Stand Watie
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- Historical Atlas of Oklahoma By John W. Morris, Charles R. Goins, and Edwin C. McReynolds 24 Map Thirty-Two
Treaty of Surrender by General Stand WatieGeneral Watie surrendered after the Civil War, by the following articles. THE TREATY "Treaty stipulations made and entered into this 23rd day of June 1865 near Doaksville Choctaw Nation between Sent. Colonel A. C. Mathews and W. H. Vance U. S. Vol. commissioners appointed by Major General Herron U. S. A. on part of the military authorities of the United States and Brig. General Stand Watie Governor and Principal Chief of that part of the Cherokee Nation lately allied with Confederate States in acts of hostilities against the Government of the United States as follows towit: "ARTICLE I. All acts of hostilities on the part of both armies having ceased by virtue of a convention entered into on the 26th day of May 1865 between Major General E. R. S. Cantry U. S. A. Comdg. Mil. Division West Miss. and General E. Kirby Smith C. S. A. Comdg. Trans. Miss Department. The Indians of the Cherokee Nation here represented lately allied with the Confederate States in acts of hostilities against the Government of the United States. "Do agree at once to return to their respective homes and there remain at peace with United States, and offer no indignities whatever against the whites or Indians of the various tribes who have been friendly to or engaged in the service of the United States during the war. "ARTICLE II. It is stipulated by the undersigned commissioners on part of the United States, that so- long as the Indians aforesaid observe the provisions of article first of this agreement, they shall be protected by the United States authorities in their person and property, not only from encroachment on the part of the whites, but also from the Indians who have been engaged in the service of the United States. "ARTICLE Ill. The above articles of agreement to remain and be in force and effect until the meeting of the Grand Council to meet at Armstrong Academy, Choctaw Nation on the 1st day of September A. D. 1865 and until such time as the preceedings of said Grand Council shall be ratified by the proper authorities both of the Cherokee Nation and the United States. "In testimony whereof the said Lieut. Col. A. C. Mathews and adjutant W. H. Vance commissioners on part of the United States and Brig. General Stand Watie Governor and Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation have hereunto set their hands and seals. Signed.
A. C. Mathews, Sent. Col. W. H. Vance, Adjr. Commissioners. Stand Watie Brig. Genl.,
The Battle of the Washita was the result of Black Kettle’s (Moke-ta-ra-to’s) loyalty to Indian friends who were wanted by United States officers, together with determined winter campaigning by General George A. Custer and the difficulty of communication between the two races. In effect, it was a surprise assault of United States troops upon a camp whose leader was well disposed toward the authority of the United States. Black Kettle had shown interest in the Peace Commission of 1867 and a strong tendency toward cooperation with N.G. Taylor, the Indian commissioner. However, Custer had orders from General Philip Sheridan to conduct a cold-weather campaign. The blizzard that descended upon the Southwest in November 1868, offered the earliest opportunity for trial of the new policy, and Custer was the man chosen to attack the Cheyennes. Custer and twelve troops of the Seventh Cavalry, a party of about 800 men, rode south. Ben Clark, California joe, Hard Rope the Osage, and Jimmy Morrison—all first-rate scouts—accompanied the soldiers. Custer knew the extent of the Cheyenne camp before he attacked. Two young Cheyenne raiders, Crow Neck and Black Shield, had recently come back from Kansas with fresh scalps as trophies. The young men were confident that white troops would not venture an attack on the camp during cold weather, but Black Kettle was in doubt and thought it best to post a sentry. Approaching from the north, Custer waited for dawn behind a low hill. He divided his command into four bands of about 200 men each. Major Joel Elliot was sent downstream nearly three miles to approach the camp from the east. Captain William Thompson cut south across the Washita to come in from the southwest. The soldiers under Colonel Edward Myers advanced on the right, crossing the stream to approach the Cheyenne camp on the south bank as Custer’s band moved in directly from the northwest. With Custer rode forty sharpshooters under Lieutenant W.W. Cook.  The savage barking dogs aroused Double Wolf, the sentinel, who had slipped inside a log to warm himself; but the Cheyenne warriors did not get warning soon enough to catch their ponies and mount. A rear guard was outnumbered four to one. Black Kettle did manage to get on his pony and help his wife mount behind him, but a volley from Cook’s sharpshooters killed them both.
Custer learned from a captive, Black Kettle’s sister that there were one thousand Indian lodges farther down the Washita. He determined to pull out without pursuing the fugitives farther. His report showed that he had killed 103 warriors, 16 women, and “a few” children. The United States force last highly valued officers and men, including Major Elliot, Sergeant-Major Walter Kennedy, and Captain Louis Hamilton. Directory: pages -> uploaded files uploaded files -> Mr. Donald S. Moss Du Quoin Community Unit District 300 Educational Foundation 2011 Excellence in Achievement Award uploaded files -> Professional experience uploaded files -> National & State Scholarship List Due Scholarship Information Amount uploaded files -> Program of activities uploaded files -> Advanced Computer Applications Mulvane High School uploaded files -> Social Studies Study Guide uploaded files -> Atlas Mountains runs through Morocco north of the Sahara Desert uploaded files -> Chester W. Nimitz Bio uploaded files -> Cross Country – Boys’ uploaded files -> Team score of top three teams: Glenwood 40 pts., Carol Kuemper 60 pts., Harlan 90 pts Download 8.6 Mb. Share with your friends:
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