Sept/Oct 2013 Aff Counters Abstention Still Exists foundationbriefs.com Page 78 of 104 Abstention still exists under compulsory voting Blank ballots are common in countries with CV. RMF Lacroix, Justine. "A liberal defence of compulsory voting" Politics 27.3 (2007): 190-195. However, compulsory voting does not in the least imply that deliberate abstention may not exist – as exemplified by the high proportion of blank or null and void votes in countries where voting is compulsory. In Belgium (one of the four European countries where the vote is compulsory) the proportion of null and
