Glossary Section I Abbreviations

Glossary

Section I
Abbreviations

ACC Army Capstone Concept

AO area of operations

AOC Army Operating Concept

ARFOR Army forces

ARSOF Army special operations forces

BCT brigade combat team

BFSB battlefield surveillance brigade

CAB combat aviation brigade

CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high yield explosives

CCIR commander’s critical information requirement

COP common operational picture

DA Department of the Army

DOD Department of Defense

EOD explosive ordnance disposal

ESC expeditionary sustainment command

EW electronic warfare

FM field manual

HBCT heavy brigade combat team

HQ headquarters

HUMINT human intelligence

IBCT infantry brigade combat team

IED improvised explosive device

IO information operations

JFLCC joint force land component commander

JP joint publication

JTF joint task force

LOC lines of communication

MEB maneuver enhancement brigades

METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support

OE operational environment

Pam pamphlet

SBCT Stryker brigade combat team

SFA security force assistance

TRADOC U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

UAS unmanned aircraft system

U.S. United States

Section II
Terms

A line of defense consisting of a barrier of felled or live trees with branches (sharpened or with barbed wire entwined) pointed toward the enemy.

State-sponsored operators, nonstate actors, legitimate businesses, criminal organizations, groups, and individuals with different levels of education, training, skills, motivation, and capabilities.

A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged.

Forces comprised of specialist troops landed by parachute, gliders, or helicopter trained to effect, following transport by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown.

Air assault forces execute forcible entries using fixed and rotary-wing aircraft. Air assault forces can deploy from land-based facilities and naval platforms. These forces can rapidly project combat power throughout the depth of an operational area.

Forces launched from the sea. An amphibious force, composed of an amphibious task force, and a landing force, together with other forces trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations, may project power directly against the enemy in a coup de main or may attack across a beach and/or by vertical envelopment to establish a lodgment to enable the introduction of follow-on forces.

Form of security operations conducted to protect friendly forces, installations, routes, and actions within a specific area (FM 3-90, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

A holistic future concept that is a primary reference for all other concept development. Provides direct linkages to national and defense level planning documents (TR 71-20, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

Careful consideration of as many factors as possible and making choices that achieve the necessary goals and objectives (TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

The ability to assist domestic and foreign partners and institutions with the development of their capabilities and capacities - for mutual benefit - to address U.S. national or shared global security interests (TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

DOD support to U.S. civil authorities for domestic emergencies and for designated law enforcement and other activities (JP 3-26, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight, supported by direct, indirect, and air-delivered fires (FM 3-0).

The total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit/formation can apply at a given time. Army forces generate combat power by converting potential into effective action (FM 3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

A single display of relevant information within a commander’s area of interest tailored to the user’s requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one command (TRADOC Pam 525-2-1).

A psychological condition that involves the understanding of human behavior and crafting clear communications reinforced with military actions against implacable foes, warring factions, criminal groups, and potential adversaries (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Specialized area security operations conducted to protect convoys. Units conduct convoy security operations anytime there are not enough friendly forces to secure LOCs continuously in an AO and there is a significant danger of enemy ground action directed against the convoy (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

A form of attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, with the general objective of denying the enemy his goal in attacking. The commander directs a counterattack—normally conducted from a defensive posture—to defeat or destroy enemy forces, exploit an enemy weakness, such as an exposed flank, or to regain control of terrain and facilities after an enemy success. A unit conducts a counterattack to seize the initiative from the enemy through offensive action (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent transport layer of information technology infrastructures, including the Internet, telecommunications transport layers, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers (TRADOC Pam 525-3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

The dispersion or distribution of power from a central authority to regional and local authorities (TRADOC Pam 525-3-3).

Operation that directly accomplishes the mission; determines the outcome of a major operation, battle, or engagement. The focal point around which commanders design the entire operation (FM 3-0).

Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition (JP 3-18, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Army’s operational concept: Army forces combine offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations simultaneously as part of an interdependent joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative, accepting prudent risk to create opportunities to achieve decisive results. They employ synchronized action—lethal and nonlethal—proportional to the mission and informed by a thorough understanding of all variables of the OE. Mission command that conveys intent and an appreciation of all aspects of the situation guides the adaptive use of Army forces (FM 3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

Intelligence derived from the exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities in the OE consisting of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. (TRADOC Pam 525-2-1).

Collection by trained HUMINT collectors of foreign (HUMINT) information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, and capabilities (TRADOC Pam 525-2-1).

Integrated employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated decisionmaking while protecting U.S. information operations (JP 3-13, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

Activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an integrated intelligence and operations function (TRADOC Pam 525-2-1).

Replaces command and control systems. The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned.

Weapons, devices, and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate targeted personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment. Nonlethal weapons are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or materiel (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Persons, groups, or nations working with the U.S. toward the achievement of one or more aims (TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).

The synchronization and integration of available transport layered sensors and analysts across warfighting functions and OEs, to provide commanders with combat information, actionable intelligence, and situational understanding. In response to the tactical CCIR, tactical persistent surveillance missions detect, characterize, locate, track, target, and assess specific objects or areas, in real or near-real-time despite target countermeasures or natural obstacles. A collection strategy that emphasizes the ability of some collection systems to linger on demand in an area to detect, locate, characterize, identify, track, target, and possibly provide battle damage assessment and retargeting in near or real-time.

Operations undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographical, or geographical characteristics and the indigenous population of a particular area. Relies primarily on the human dynamic rather than technical means. A focused collection effort. Performed before, during, and after other operations to provide information used in the intelligence preparation of the battlefield process, as well as by the commander to formulate, confirm, or modify his course of action. The four forms of reconnaissance are route, zone, area, and reconnaissance in force (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Operations undertaken by a commander to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the protected force. The ultimate goal of security operations is to protect the force from surprise and reduce the unknowns in any situation. Security operations orient on the force or facility being protected, while reconnaissance is enemy and terrain oriented. Security operations are shaping operations (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host nation, or regional security forces in support of a legitimate authority. SFA improves the capability and capacity of host nation or regional security organization’s security forces (FM 3-07, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

All Army operations aim to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative and achieve decisive results. Emphasizes opportunity created by action through full-spectrum operations, whether offensive, defensive, stability, or civil support (FM 3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Operations at any echelon that create and preserve conditions for the success of decisive operations are shaping operations (FM 3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Encompass various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the U.S. in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief (JP 3-0, TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

Informing and educating U.S., allied, and other relevant publics and actors to gain and maintain trust, confidence, and support. Characterized by a comprehensive commitment to transparency, accountability, and credibility, and is an imperative of future operations (TRADOC Pam

The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means (TRADOC Pam 525-2-1).

The sustain SFA activity occurs when the institutional capacity of the foreign security force has been developed to a point where it is self-sustaining. It may continue to have security force assistance contact through combined exercises, educational opportunity exchange, intelligence sharing, and foreign military sales (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time.

The transition SFA activity defines the transition between two security forces, when applicable. This could be a transition of authority between U.S. forces to a new foreign security force. Another example could be from a regional foreign security force to a foreign security force with U.S. advisors. It could also be from a host-nation military force to a host nation police force, with or without U.S. advisor (TRADOC Pam 525-3-1).

The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort (ACC).

Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization - the product of successful unified action (JP 1-02, TRADOC Pam 525-3-0).