From the Director U. S. Army Capabilities Integration Center
-5. Conduct shaping and entry operations
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3-5. Conduct shaping and entry operationsa. Access to ports, airfields, foreign airspace, coastal waters, and host nation support in potential commitment areas is a challenge and requires active peacetime engagement with states in volatile areas. Army forces conduct a broad range of theater security cooperation activities such as training foreign military forces, developing infrastructure, providing specialized capabilities, and providing other assistance to establish trust, develop relationships, and promote regional stability. These activities, also known as military engagement, enable forces to maintain freedom of action and access and aim to improve the capabilities of, or cooperation with, allies and partners, build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. ARSOF and general purpose forces move to locations around the globe using strategic and theater air, sea, and ground assets to participate in these shaping operations as directed by the joint force commander. b. Peacetime shaping operations are enabled by capabilities that allow the future force to easily move within the area of operations; to provide mission command over extended distances; to sustain the effort to train or build infrastructure; to communicate with the local populace, local security forces and governments, and joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational partners; and to connect with subject matter experts from a distance. Task organized IBCTs, HBCTs, SBCTs, BFSBs and CAB formations that possess a greater variety of capabilities relevant to training, communication, and infrastructure development permit adaptive decentralized operations operating within the commander’s intent. c. When peacetime efforts fail, maneuver forces participate in joint entry operations. Maneuver forces move into a required operational area by air, land, or sea port, or if opposed, by seizing a lodgment to enable the operations of follow-on forces or to conduct a specific operation. Since advanced air and sealift capabilities that permit strategic or intertheater movement of unimproved ports of debarkation are not fielded in the quantities required in the 2016-2028 timeframe, the future Army forces will use access to nearby ports (ports where access is granted) and intermediate staging bases or sea bases to commence entry operations. d. To avoid, neutralize, or counter threats to shaping and entry operations, maneuver forces rely on intelligence to support future operations by accurately identifying reactions to U.S. actions, anticipating their response to our counteractions and predicting additional courses of action. Predictive intelligence also supports the decisions the commander and staff must make about the size, composition, structure, and deployment sequence of the force to create the conditions for success. e. Maneuver forces conduct shaping operations to create and preserve conditions for the success of operations. The future force conducts shaping operations, in concert with joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational partners, with combinations of organic long range joint networked fires, reconnaissance and surveillance elements, aviation units, and ground maneuver units. In this context, the movement and maneuver warfighting function includes the related tasks and systems that move forces to positions of advantage in relation to the enemy. Key to success in future operations is the development and acquisition of mobility systems to increase the mobility of maneuver formations while maintaining an adequate protection level. Additionally, the Army must make provision for accelerated strategic deployment of maneuver forces to allow maximum combat power to be applied early in the shaping phase of the larger operation. f. Strategic movement. (1) The future OE describes an international security environment in which U.S. future Army forces are committed more frequently to intervene in regional crises and conflicts, both planned and unplanned, which may range from short duration, smaller scale contingencies to major combat operations in theater war. Future adversaries will actively seek to deny, delay, or disrupt the U.S. access to conflict areas through antiaccess capabilities. This environment will require future Army forces to respond rapidly from a strategic expeditionary posture for immediate employment in theater and move throughout the depth of the AO to defeat the efforts of an aggressor swiftly or to win decisively in an extended campaign. (2) Exploiting multiple entry points and simultaneous force flows by air and sea, future Army forces will be able to achieve a level of deployment momentum that helps overcome enemy antiaccess efforts, increases the opportunity for operational surprise, and closes the gap that exists today between early entry and campaign forces. In addition, improvements within the force deployment process, including reliable visibility of forces and sustainment in transit, coupled with continuously updated situational awareness, enable commanders to adjust force projection plans in stream and adapt to changing conditions. (3) As the theater matures and the active AO expands, force elements deploy from outside the theater directly into forward objective areas rather than through forward operations bases or lodgment areas. The commander employs combinations of strategic and intratheater lift throughout the campaign to project forces and sustainment within the AO. Blending strategic force projection with operational employment in this manner generates the operational adaptability. g. Unopposed entry. During unopposed entry operations, forces deployed rapidly prepare for immediate employment. Preceded by IO, closely integrated with diplomatic, political, economic, and overt military actions, maneuver forces require an uninterrupted flow of combat power into the AO to achieve a deployment and employment momentum that allows the enemy little time to adjust. Advanced air and sea lift is critical to enable rapid entry and sustainment. This enables delivery of support directly to the point of need, bypassing unsecured LOCs, and preventing loss of momentum of operations. h. Opposed entry. When opposed, maneuver forces conduct airborne, air assault, or over-the-horizon sea-based joint forcible entry operations. ARSOF support forcible entry by conducting shaping including reconnaissance and raids. Forcible entry enables friendly forces to seize or occupy key terrain and facilities from which to repel enemy forces, secure populations, and/or continue the flow of follow-on forces. To conduct joint forcible entry operations, maneuver units require combined arms capabilities and access to joint capabilities, especially intelligence, fires (offensive and defensive), sustainment, airlift, and sealift. Successful joint forcible entry operations and follow-on operations require protection under a joint air and missile defense umbrella. Directory: tpubs -> pams pams -> Training development in support of the operational domain pams -> List of approved recurring information requirements pams -> Budgeting and resourcing pams -> Headquarters department of the army pams -> Headquarters department of the army pams -> Army training and education proponents pams -> The tradoc model safety program and self-assessment guide pams -> 19 December 2012 Foreword From the Commanding General U. S. 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