Fig. 12.4. Annual solar radiation of Hungary (www.met.hu)
Fig. 12.5. Distribution of the annual solar radiation (www.met.hu)
2. Sushine duration: In Hungary, the most sunshine with more than 2000 hours a year is common in the southern and southeastern parts, while the least sunny regions are in the northern and northeastern parts, and around the western borders, with less than 1800 hours.
In winter, the highest mountains receive one and a half times as much sunshine as the plains, since in winter the inversion is a common phenomena (when the mountains rise above the fog covering the lower regions). However, in summer they have 10 percent less sunshine as the lower regions, because of the more cloudy and wet weather. December is with the least sunshine, while the maximum duration is in July (Figs. 12.6., 12.7.).
Fig. 12.6. Annual sunshine duration of Hungary (www.met.hu)
Fig. 12.7. Distribution of annual sunshine duration (www.met.hu)
3. Annual mean temperature: The annual mean temperature in most parts of Hungary is between 10 and 11 °C. The spatial distribution of two-metre temperature is primarily influenced by the distance from the Equator, the altitude and the distance from the seas. The impact of orography on the temperature is obvious, an inversion is common in winter, when the temperature increases with the altitude instead of decreasing. Stronger inversion can cause a cold-air pool within the Carpathian Basin, which means higher altitude areas can be warmer as they rise from the cold air mass that fills the bottom of the basin (Fig. 12.8.).
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