Fyi who has how many icebreakers

Adv – Smuggling

Increased activity in the arctic is giving rise to terrorism, illegal fishing and smuggling

(GW, Alaska Native News, “As Arctic Ice Melts, Race begins to exploit region”, 04/24/2012

http://alaska-native-news.com/world_news/5300-as-arctic-ice-melts-race-begins-to-exploit-region.html)
Experts warn that along with these legitimate activities taking place, there is an increasing threat of terrorism, illegal fishing and smuggling as the arctic opens up to more traffic. Lt. General Walter Semianiw, head of Canada Command said of the situation unveiling itself in the Arctic, "By bringing more human activity into the Arctic you bring both the good and the bad. You will see the change whether you wish to or not." As more nations, such as Canada, Norway, and Russia, move assets into the Arctic area, the United States is moving in the opposite direction, moving its assets away from the region. While Russia maintains the largest fleet of Arctic Icebreakers with at least 34 such vessels, the United States struggles to keep even one online as the Arctic race heats up. Sweden to gain energy resources from the region. In a February 15th letter to the Homeland Security Appropriations Subcommittee that has a scheduled hearing on May 9th on the Coast Guard budget, Alaska Senator Murkowski said, “One of the areas I’m particularly interested in is the Coast Guard’s mission to safeguard U.S. interests in the Arctic. The Arctic offers new opportunities for resource development and shipping routes that may reshape the global transport system … I believe we should consider whether the Coast Guard has the operational resources, support facilities and the calculated locations for their Arctic and other missions.” In a written statement, Senator Murkowski stated, “Alaskans and Americans are born pioneers – and the Arctic is one of the last frontiers to be fully understood and developed,” said Murkowski. “As the waters begin opening to possibilities in research, resource development and revenue, we need the Coast Guard’s help in protecting all that we hold dear. Part of that is by making sure my Senate colleagues fully understand we are an Arctic Nation, and that the Coast Guard’s mission in the Arctic must be a top priority.”

Increased activity in the arctic opens the doors to crime and security threats including human trafficking, terror, and smuggling

(27 July 2009 Arctic Portal, News source compiled from a set of Arctic Universities, http://arcticportal.org/news/26-features?start=65)

Coast Guard has policed the seas for decades, but their control in the Arctic is waning due to the outdated fleet of icebreakers.

A bill to reauthorize the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2008, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Coast Guard Authorization Act for the fiscal year 2008 along with Senator Snowe, Inouye, Stevens, Lautenberg, and Lott. This comprehensive legislation will provide the Coast Guard with needed resources to carry out missions critical to our nation’s security, environmental protection, and fisheries enforcement. The U.S. Coast Guard plays a critical role in keeping our oceans, coasts, and waterways safe, secure, and free from environmental harm. After September 11and Hurricane Katrina, the Coast Guard has been a source of strength. As marine traffic grows, the number of security threats in our ports increases. Climate change is raising the stakes of another Katrina happening. The Coast Guard faces many challenges, and those serving in the Coast Guard routinely serve with discipline and courage. From saving lives during natural disasters like Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, to protecting our shores in a post-911 world, the Coast Guard has served America well, and continues to serve us every day. Each year, maritime smugglers transport thousands of aliens to the U.S. with virtual impunity because the existing law does not sufficiently punish or deter such conduct. During fiscal years 2004 and 2005, over 840 mariners made $13.9 million smuggling people into the U.S. illegally. Less than 3 percent of those who were interdicted were referred for prosecution. This bill gives the Coast Guard the authority it needs to prosecute maritime authority who intentionally smuggle aliens on board their vessels with a reckless disregard of our laws. It also provides protection for legitimate mariners who encounter stowaways or those who may need medical attention. Our nation relies heavily on polar icebreakers to conduct missions in the Arctic and Antarctic. They conduct vital research on the oceans and climate, resupply U.S. outposts in Antarctica, and provide one of our nation’s only platforms for carrying out security and rescue missions in some of the world’s most rapidly changing environments. Currently, the United States’ icebreaking capabilities lie with the Coast Guard’s three vessels: the Healy, the Polar Sea, and the Polar Star. But the fleet is aging rapidly and requires extensive maintenance. In fact, the Polar Star is currently not even operational because the Coast Guard lacks the resources required to maintain this vessel. With increased climate change, the role of icebreakers is changing.

Organized crime causes global economic decline, WMD terrorism and conflicts

Wechsler 2

William F., former Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury, Director for Transnational Threats at the National Security Council and Special Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Spring 2002, The National Interest, “Law in order: Reconstructing U.S. national security,” p17(12), infotrac

As technology advanced and borders became increasingly porous after the Cold War, it became increasingly evident that international crime in all of its various forms threatened U.S. national security interests. Sometimes the threats were direct. Terrorists groups like AlQaeda, no longer as dependent on state sponsorship, began targeting Americans at home and abroad. They also engaged in a host of criminal activities apart from terrorism, from arms trafficking to people smuggling to securities fraud. Vast networks of criminals based in Russia, Nigeria, Latin America, East Asia and elsewhere went global, infiltrating the United States as one of the world’s most lucrative targets. Hackers halfway around the world broke into U.S. computer systems, including sensitive systems belonging to the military and intelligence agencies. International crime also poses indirect threats to U.S. national security. Criminal syndicates have corrupted government officials, undermined democratic governance, and hindered economic development in many countries. This has been well documented in post-communist states like Russia, developing countries like Nigeria, post-conflict societies like Bosnia and countries of particular concern to the United States like Mexico. In Colombia, groups engaged in drug trafficking, terrorist activity and other serious crimes even challenge the government itself for control over territory and the population, just as typical communist insurgencies did a few decades ago. Criminal syndicates have also helped to undermine regional stability. In Sierra Leone, for instance, the illegal smuggling of “conflict” diamonds helped finance a brutal civil war. Elsewhere in Africa and around the world, arms trafficking by organized criminal networks has stoked regional conflicts that might otherwise have died down. Criminal syndicates have been instrumental in violating U.S. and international sanctions regimes in such places as Iraq and Serbia. Russian criminal organizations are reportedly involved in smuggling materials for weapons of mass destruction--chemical, biological and nuclear. In other places, such as in Albania, criminal organizations have driven regime change, as when the collapse of a pyramid scheme precipitated anarchy and flooded next-door Kosovo with small weapons. Financial crimes such as money laundering and counterfeiting have the potential to undermine national banking systems and thereby to destabalize the global financial system. Economic crimes such as piracy--both physical and intellectual--affect U.S. companies’ competitiveness in foreign markets.

Arctic terror is a real threat and the arctic can provide an entry point for terrorists into North America

Canadian Press 10

(November 10, 2010 The Canadian Press

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/story/2010/11/10/cp-arctic-security-threats.html)
"The Arctic is changing is so much. To simply pretend that we'll just constantly live in the state of the 1990s when no one could get there and nothing could happen is just wrong." The possibility of a terrorist attack in the North is highly unlikely, he said. However, foreign extremists could take advantage of spotty surveillance in the region as a means of entering North America. "They're not going to attack a small-level target when they can attack a big-scale target. But the big concern has always been the North as an entry point." Huebert recalls the 1999 arrival of the Xue Long, a scientific research vessel, at Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T., catching Canadian officials off guard — an event that suggests slipping into an Arctic port undetected is not as far-fetched as it might seem. The RCMP has previously underscored the rapid loss of ice shelves in the Canadian Arctic due to rising temperatures. The opening of viable shipping and navigation routes will lead to soaring levels of marine traffic of all kinds in the area, the force predicted three years ago. In addition, labour market shortages in the North have prompted employers to turn to a foreign work force which "for the most part is not subjected to security screening prior to entering Canada," the Mounties said. A January 2009 U.S. presidential directive on Arctic policy also flagged the possibility of security threats. It said Washington had fundamental homeland security interests in "preventing terrorist attacks and mitigating those criminal or hostile acts that could increase the United States vulnerability to terrorism in the Arctic region."

Terrorism results in extinction

Alexander 3

Yonah, professor and director of the Inter-University Center for Terrorism Studies in Israel and the United States, August 28, 2003, The Washington Times, “Terrorism myths and realities,” p. A20

Last week’s brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad and Jerusalem have once again illustrated dramatically that the international community failed, thus far at least, to understand the magnitude and implications of the terrorist threats to the very survival of civilization itself. Even the United States and Israel have for decades tended to regard terrorism as a mere tactical nuisance or irritant rather than a critical strategic challenge to their national security concerns. It is not surprising, therefore, that on September 11, 2001, Americans were stunned by the unprecedented tragedy of 19 al Qaeda terrorists striking a devastating blow at the center of the nation’s commercial and military powers. Likewise, Israel and its citizens, despite the collapse of the Oslo Agreements of 1993 and numerous acts of terrorism triggered by the second intifada that began almost three years ago, are still “shocked” by each suicide attack at a time of intensive diplomatic efforts to revive the moribund peace process through the now revoked cease-fire arrangements [hudna]. Why are the United States and Israel, as well as scores of other countries affected by the universal nightmare of modern terrorism surprised by new terrorist “surprises”? There are many reasons, including misunderstanding of the manifold specific factors that contribute to terrorism’s expansion, such as lack of a universal definition of terrorism, the religionization of politics, double standards of morality, weak punishment of terrorists, and the exploitation of the media by terrorist propaganda and psychological warfare. Unlike their historical counterparts, contemporary terrorists have introduced a new scale of violence in terms of conventional and unconventional threats and impact. The internationalization and brutalization of current and future terrorism make it clear we have entered an Age of Super Terrorism [e.g. biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear and cyber] with its serious implications concerning national, regional and global security concerns. Two myths in particular must be debunked immediately if an effective counterterrorism “best practices” strategy can be developed [e.g., strengthening international cooperation]. The first illusion is that terrorism can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated completely, provided the root causes of conflicts - political, social and economic - are addressed. The conventional illusion is that terrorism must be justified by oppressed people seeking to achieve their goals and consequently the argument advanced by “freedom fighters” anywhere, “give me liberty and I will give you death,” should be tolerated if not glorified. This traditional rationalization of “sacred” violence often conceals that the real purpose of terrorist groups is to gain political power through the barrel of the gun, in violation of fundamental human rights of the noncombatant segment of societies. For instance, Palestinians religious movements [e.g., Hamas, Islamic Jihad] and secular entities [such as Fatah’s Tanzim and Aqsa Martyr Brigades]] wish not only to resolve national grievances [such as Jewish settlements, right of return, Jerusalem] but primarily to destroy the Jewish state. Similarly, Osama bin Laden’s international network not only opposes the presence of American military in the Arabian Peninsula and Iraq, but its stated objective is to “unite all Muslims and establish a government that follows the rule of the Caliphs.” The second myth is that strong action against terrorist infrastructure [leaders, recruitment, funding, propaganda, training, weapons, operational command and control] will only increase terrorism. The argument here is that law-enforcement efforts and military retaliation inevitably will fuel more brutal acts of violent revenge. Clearly, if this perception continues to prevail, particularly in democratic societies, there is the danger it will paralyze governments and thereby encourage further terrorist attacks. In sum, past experience provides useful lessons for a realistic future strategy. The prudent application of force has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for short- and long-term deterrence of terrorism. For example, Israel’s targeted killing of Mohammed Sider, the Hebron commander of the Islamic Jihad, defused a “ticking bomb.” The assassination of Ismail Abu Shanab - a top Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip who was directly responsible for several suicide bombings including the latest bus attack in Jerusalem - disrupted potential terrorist operations. Similarly, the U.S. military operation in Iraq eliminated Saddam Hussein’s regime as a state sponsor of terror. Thus, it behooves those countries victimized by terrorism to understand a cardinal message communicated by Winston Churchill to the House of Commons on May 13, 1940: “Victory at all costs, victory in spite of terror, victory however long and hard the road may be: For without victory, there is no survival.”

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