Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 9 Design, Analysis, and Testing of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations that Support Transportation Facilities
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| 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this Geotechnical Engineering Circular (GEC) is to provide recommended guidance for the design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations for transportation facilities in accordance with the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) platform. The intended audience for this document includes geotechnical, structural, and highway design and construction specialists involved with the selection, design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations. The geotechnical and structural engineering communities have not had a comprehensive design and analysis document to address this geo-structural topic, which has resulted in designs that maybe overly conservative or costly. This document applies to deep foundation elements such as driven piles, drilled shafts, micropiles, and continuous flight auger (CFA) piles that are used to resist lateral loads, often in combination with axial loads, for new construction, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of transportation facilities. Applications include both single and groups of deep foundation elements for bridge foundations, excavation support, earth retaining structures, noise walls, sign and signal foundations, landslide repairs, vessel or vehicle impact mitigation measures, and seismic event resistance. This GEC draws heavily from published work by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), state and local departments of transportation (DOTs), and other reference publications that address laterally loaded deep foundations. As such, this document does not represent new research. The objective of this document is to provide a single reference source for the state-of-the-practice regarding recommended methodologies and guidance for the design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations for transportation facilities. Information presented in this document is not intended to be prescriptive, but rather the information that is described is to be considered current practice for transportation facilities and should be used with good engineering judgment. The recommended procedures presented herein are not intended to preclude deviations based on sound local engineering practices, demonstrated performance, or testing results. This document focuses on laterally loaded deep foundations. Other considerations regarding deep foundations, such as the selection of foundation type, the design, and testing of deep foundations for axial loads, foundation construction, or other foundation considerations are beyond the scope of this document. Although this document is applicable to multiple types of deep foundations, throughout the document these maybe referred to generically as piles/shafts unless a distinction is necessary. In the remainder of the text, the term foundation or foundation element is understood to refer to a deep foundation. Similarly, the use of the word pile is understood to refer to a deep foundation element, i.e., lateral pile analysis refers to analysis of deep foundations under lateral loads. |