TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..................................................................... 12 1.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Background and History of Analysis of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations ................................. 13 Literature Review. 14 Organization of Manual ................................................................................................................ 15 2 LATERAL LOAD APPLICATIONS AND SELECTION OF DEEP FOUNDATION TYPE FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS ..................................................... 17 2.1 Lateral Load Applications for Transportation Projects ................................................................... 17 Typical Lateral Load Applications for Vertical Deep Foundations .......................................... 17 Batter Piles for Lateral Load Applications ............................................................................. 24 Types of Deep Foundations Addressed in this Manual ................................................................. 25 Selection of Deep Foundation Types for Resistance of Lateral Loads .......................................... 26 Subsurface Conditions and Geomaterial Properties .............................................................. 26 Properties of Deep Foundation Elements ............................................................................. 27 2.3.3 Constructability Considerations ............................................................................................ 27 Cost Effectiveness ............................................................................................................... 29 Redundancy of the Foundation System ................................................................................ 29 Exclusions ................................................................................................................................... 30