Global History Regents Exam Question Bank Table of Contents

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two examples of technology the Spanish used to conquer the Aztecs?

…Spanish administrators established two main centers of authority in the \ Americas—Mexico (which they called New Spain) and Peru (known as New Castile)—each governed by a viceroy who was responsible to the king in Spain. In Mexico they built a new capital, Mexico City, on top of Tenochtitlán. In Peru they originally hoped to rule from the Inca capital of Cuzco, but they considered the high altitude unpleasant and also found the Andean city too inaccessible for their purposes. In 1535 they founded [the city of] Lima and transferred the government to the coast where it was accessible to Spanish shipping.…

Source: Bentley and Ziegler, Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Exam, August 2011.

According to Bentley and Ziegler, what was one way the Spanish changed the Americas?

9.10e The Eastern Hemisphere trade networks were disrupted by the European development of new transoceanic trade across the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. Shifts in global trade networks and the use of gunpowder had positive and negative effects on Asian and European empires.
What was a major cause for the shift in European trade from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean during the late 1400s?

(1) Ottoman Turks seized control of Constantinople.

(2) The Ming dynasty authorized Zheng He to make long-distance voyages.

(3) The Tokugawa shogunate adopted an isolationist policy.

(4) Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem.
In the 1500s, the Portuguese seized trading ports in Southeast Asia in an attempt to gain total control of the spice trade. Based on this statement, one goal of the Portuguese was to establish

(1) a monopoly

(2) an embargo

(3) banking systems

(4) agricultural cooperatives

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